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Article

Public-private partnerships: pro-cyclical or counter-cyclical? an empirical study

Publicated to:International Journal Of Construction Management. 24 (1): 97-107 - 2024-01-02 24(1), DOI: 10.1080/15623599.2023.2245629

Authors: de Albornoz, VAC; Ke, YJ; Millan, JM

Affiliations

ETSI Caminos Canales & Puertos, UD Economıa C-Prof Aranguren 3 - Author
Univ Politecn Madrid, Dept Ingn Civil Construcc - Author
Univ Technol Sydney, Sch Built Environm - Author

Abstract

The use of public works programs to combat economic recessions is a recurring issue. In this paper we conducted an empirical analysis covering 160 countries (out of which 43 were retained) over 30 years, to determine to what extent it has been possible in the past to deploy PPPs as part of a wider countercyclical policy. The main criterion used in the analyses performed is the comparison between numbers and values of PPP projects reaching financial close during recessions and those outside a recession. The results are disappointing: only a handful of European countries have been successful. The only sensible approach, that works only in some developed nations, would be increasing the number of PPP projects while maintaining project size. This research contributes to the understanding of PPP adoption during economic recessions, sheds light on the different strategies of developed and developing countries, and emphasizes the challenges and opportunities associated with implementing countercyclical PPP policies. These insights can inform policymakers, practitioners, and researchers in their decision-making processes and contribute to the advancement of knowledge in the field of PPP project procurement and management.

Keywords

CountercyclicalEconomic crisisInfrastructurePolicyPppPublic-private partnershipsRecession

Quality index

Bibliometric impact. Analysis of the contribution and dissemination channel

The work has been published in the journal International Journal Of Construction Management due to its progression and the good impact it has achieved in recent years, according to the agency WoS (JCR), it has become a reference in its field. In the year of publication of the work, 2024 there are still no calculated indicators, but in 2023, it was in position 153/407, thus managing to position itself as a Q1 (Primer Cuartil), in the category Management.

From a relative perspective, and based on the normalized impact indicator calculated from the Field Citation Ratio (FCR) of the Dimensions source, it yields a value of: 1.17, which indicates that, compared to works in the same discipline and in the same year of publication, it ranks as a work cited above average. (source consulted: Dimensions Jun 2025)

Specifically, and according to different indexing agencies, this work has accumulated citations as of 2025-06-14, the following number of citations:

  • WoS: 1
  • Scopus: 2

Impact and social visibility

From the perspective of influence or social adoption, and based on metrics associated with mentions and interactions provided by agencies specializing in calculating the so-called "Alternative or Social Metrics," we can highlight as of 2025-06-14:

  • The use of this contribution in bookmarks, code forks, additions to favorite lists for recurrent reading, as well as general views, indicates that someone is using the publication as a basis for their current work. This may be a notable indicator of future more formal and academic citations. This claim is supported by the result of the "Capture" indicator, which yields a total of: 2 (PlumX).

It is essential to present evidence supporting full alignment with institutional principles and guidelines on Open Science and the Conservation and Dissemination of Intellectual Heritage. A clear example of this is:

  • Assignment of a Handle/URN as an identifier within the deposit in the Institutional Repository: https://oa.upm.es/86395/

As a result of the publication of the work in the institutional repository, statistical usage data has been obtained that reflects its impact. In terms of dissemination, we can state that, as of

  • Views: 45
  • Downloads: 7

Leadership analysis of institutional authors

This work has been carried out with international collaboration, specifically with researchers from: Australia.

There is a significant leadership presence as some of the institution’s authors appear as the first or last signer, detailed as follows: First Author (ALCARAZ CARRILLO DE ALBORNOZ, VICENTE) and Last Author (MOLINA MILLAN, JUAN).

the author responsible for correspondence tasks has been ALCARAZ CARRILLO DE ALBORNOZ, VICENTE.