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This work was supported by the Proteccion Integral de las victimas de violencia de genero mediante Computacion Afectiva multimodal" (EMPATIA-CM) Project of Madrid Region Government through the Synergic Program (Comunidad de Madrid, Consejeria de Ciencia, Universidades e Innovacion) under Grant Y2018/TCS-5046. The associate editor coordinating the review of this article and approving it for publication was Dr. Bo Wang.

Analysis of institutional authors

Miranda Calero, Jose ACorresponding Author

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March 10, 2025
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Self-Adjustable Galvanic Skin Response Sensor for Physiological Monitoring

Publicated to:Ieee Sensors Journal. 23 (3): 3005-3019 - 2023-02-01 23(3), DOI: 10.1109/JSEN.2022.3233439

Authors: Miranda Calero, Jose A; Paez-Montoro, Alba; Lopez-Ongil, Celia; Paton, Susana

Affiliations

Univ Carlos III Madrid, Dept Elect Technol, Madrid 28911, Spain - Author

Abstract

Continuous physiological monitoring integrated within current wearable devices is a hot topic nowadays. Despite that, measuring physiological variables is still challenging due to intrinsic and extrinsic personal factors. This results in the need for smart, adjustable, and personalized sensing devices. Among the different physiological signals that can be measured, changes in skin conductance are extensively used in affective computing research. This measurement presents an unequivocal relationship with the sympathetic branch of the autonomous nervous system, which relates to emotional reactions. However, there is a lack of self-adjustable skin conductance sensors. This article presents a novel skin conductance analog front end to deal with individual physiological dynamics. We compared the performance of our system with other skin conductance sensor circuits presented in the literature. Moreover, the experimental results in this work come from the data collected in 47 women volunteers and are compared with the measurements with a reference physiological sensing system commonly used for validations. Finally, our system presents a competitive averaged sensitivity for a typical human electrodermal activity (EDA) range compared to the current state-of-the-art solutions. Experimental results show that the system achieves an averaged sensitivity of up to 0.33 nS for a range 0-40 mu S, with a relative error below 1% for fixed-resistance measurements and a 0.94 median correlation coefficient when directly comparing with the reference sensor. Moreover, we extracted and analyzed different physiological features in data from both sensors and obtained comparable results. Finally, this research is intended to boost the design and development of subject-independent and self-adjustable wearable sensors.

Keywords

'currentABiomedical monitoringConductance sensorCurrent measurementElectrodermal activityElectrodesElectrophysiologyGalvanic skin responseGalvanic skin response (gsr)MonitoringOptimizationPatient monitoringPhysiological monitoringPhysiological signalsSelf-adjustable sensorSensitivitySensorsSignal processinSignal processingSignal-processingSkinSkin conductanceWearable sensors

Quality index

Bibliometric impact. Analysis of the contribution and dissemination channel

The work has been published in the journal Ieee Sensors Journal due to its progression and the good impact it has achieved in recent years, according to the agency WoS (JCR), it has become a reference in its field. In the year of publication of the work, 2023, it was in position 15/76, thus managing to position itself as a Q1 (Primer Cuartil), in the category Instruments & Instrumentation.

From a relative perspective, and based on the normalized impact indicator calculated from the Field Citation Ratio (FCR) of the Dimensions source, it yields a value of: 5.47, which indicates that, compared to works in the same discipline and in the same year of publication, it ranks as a work cited above average. (source consulted: Dimensions Jul 2025)

Specifically, and according to different indexing agencies, this work has accumulated citations as of 2025-07-05, the following number of citations:

  • WoS: 5
  • Scopus: 6

Impact and social visibility

From the perspective of influence or social adoption, and based on metrics associated with mentions and interactions provided by agencies specializing in calculating the so-called "Alternative or Social Metrics," we can highlight as of 2025-07-05:

  • The use of this contribution in bookmarks, code forks, additions to favorite lists for recurrent reading, as well as general views, indicates that someone is using the publication as a basis for their current work. This may be a notable indicator of future more formal and academic citations. This claim is supported by the result of the "Capture" indicator, which yields a total of: 27 (PlumX).

Leadership analysis of institutional authors

There is a significant leadership presence as some of the institution’s authors appear as the first or last signer, detailed as follows: First Author (MIRANDA CALERO, JOSE ANGEL) .

the author responsible for correspondence tasks has been MIRANDA CALERO, JOSE ANGEL.