Search for Continuous Gravitational Waves from Known Pulsars in the First Part of the Fourth LIGO-Virgo-KAGRA Observing Run

May 15, 2025

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Search for Continuous Gravitational Waves from Known Pulsars in the First Part of the Fourth LIGO-Virgo-KAGRA Observing Run

Publicated to:Astrophysical Journal. 983 (2): - 2025-04-20 983(2), DOI: 10.3847/1538-4357/adb3a0

Authors: Abac AG; Abbott R; Abouelfettouh I; Acernese F; Ackley K; Adhicary S; Adhikari N; Adhikari RX; Adkins VK; Agarwal D; Agathos M; Aghaei Abchouyeh M; Aguiar OD; Aguilar I; Aiello L; Ain A; Ajith P; Akutsu T; Albanesi S; Alfaidi RA; Al-Jodah A; Alléné C; Allocca A; Al-Shammari S; Altin PA; Alvarez-Lopez S; Amato A; Amez-Droz L; Amorosi A; Amra C; Ananyeva A; Anderson SB; Anderson WG; Andia M; Ando M; Andrade T; Andres N; Andrés-Carcasona M; Andrić T; Anglin J; Ansoldi S; Antelis JM; Antier S; Aoumi M; Appavuravther EZ; Appert S; Apple SK; Arai K; Araya A; Araya MC; Areeda JS; Argianas L; Aritomi N; Armato F; Arnaud N; Arogeti M; Aronson SM; Ashton G; Aso Y; Assiduo M; Assis de Souza Melo S; Aston SM; Astone P; Attadio F; Aubin F; AultONeal K; Avallone G; Babak S; Badaracco F; Badger C; Bae S; Bagnasco S; Bagui E; Baier JG; Baiotti L; Bajpai R; Baka T; Ball M; Ballardin G; Ballmer SW; Banagiri S; Banerjee B; Bankar D; Baral P; Barayoga JC; Barish BC; Barker D; Barneo P; Barone F; Barr B; Barsotti L; Barsuglia M; Barta D; Bartoletti AM; Barton MA; Bartos I; Basak S; Basalaev A; Bassiri R; Basti A

Affiliations

APC - AstroParticule et Cosmologie - Author

California Institute of Technology - Author

California State University, Fullerton - Author

Cardiff University - Author

Concordia University Wisconsin - Author

Embry-Riddle Aeronautical University, Prescott - Author

European Gravitational Observatory (EGO) - Author

Georgia Institute of Technology - Author

Gran Sasso Science Institute - Author

Institut de Física d'Altes Energies, Bellaterra - Author

Institut Fresnel - Author

Institut Pluridisciplinaire Hubert Curien - Author

Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas Espaciais - Author

Inter-University Centre for Astronomy and Astrophysics India - Author

Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare - INFN - Author

Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare - INFN; Sapienza Università di Roma - Author

Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, Sezione di Genova - Author

Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, Sezione di Genova; Università degli Studi di Genova - Author

Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, Sezione di Napoli; Dipartimento di Medicina, Chirurgia e Odontoiatria “Scuola Medica Salernitana" - Author

Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, Sezione di Napoli; Università degli Studi di Napoli Federico II - Author

Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, Sezione di Perugia; Università degli Studi di Camerino - Author

Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, Sezione di Torino - Author

Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, Sezione di Torino; Friedrich-Schiller-Universität Jena; Università degli Studi di Torino - Author

Kenyon College - Author

King's College London - Author

Korea Institute of Science and Technology Information - Author

LIGO Hanford - Author

LIGO Livingston - Author

Louisiana State University - Author

Massachusetts Institute of Technology - Author

Max-Planck-Institut für Gravitationsphysik (Albert-Einstein-Institut) - Author

Max-Planck-Institut für Gravitationsphysik (Albert-Einstein-Institut); Max-Planck-Institut für Gravitationsphysik (Albert-Einstein-Institut); Gottfried Wilhelm Leibniz Universität Hannover; Gran Sasso Science Institute - Author

National Institutes of Natural Sciences - National Astronomical Observatory of Japan - Author

National Institutes of Natural Sciences - National Astronomical Observatory of Japan; National Institutes of Natural Sciences - National Astronomical Observatory of Japan - Author

National Institutes of Natural Sciences - National Astronomical Observatory of Japan; The Graduate University for Advanced Studies - Author

Northwestern University - Author

Observatoire de la Cote d'Azur - Author

Pennsylvania State University - Author

Queen Mary University of London - Author

Royal Holloway, University of London - Author

Sejong University - Author

Stanford University - Author

Syracuse University - Author

Tata Institute of Fundamental Research, Mumbai - Author

Tecnologico de Monterrey - Author

The Australian National University - Author

The University of Osaka - Author

The University of Tokyo - Author

The University of Western Australia - Author

Università degli Studi di Roma "Tor Vergata"; Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, Sezione di Roma Tor Vergata; Cardiff University - Author

Università degli Studi di Salerno - Author

Università degli Studi di Salerno; Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, Sezione di Napoli - Author

Università degli Studi di Udine; Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, Sezione di Trieste - Author

Università degli Studi di Urbino Carlo Bo; Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, Sezione di Firenze - Author

Università di Pisa; Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, Sezione di Pisa - Author

Universitat de Barcelona - Author

Universitat de Barcelona; Universitat de Barcelona - Author

Universitat Hamburg - Author

Université Catholique de Louvain; Inter-University Centre for Astronomy and Astrophysics India - Author

Université Libre de Bruxelles - Author

Université Paris-Saclay - Author

Université Paris-Saclay; European Gravitational Observatory (EGO) - Author

Universite Savoie Mont Blanc - Author

Universiteit Antwerpen - Author

Universiteit Maastricht; FOM-Institute of Subatomic Physics - NIKHEF - Author

Universiteit Utrecht - Author

University of Florida - Author

University of Glasgow - Author

University of Oregon - Author

University of Warwick - Author

University of Washington - Author

University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee - Author

Villanova University - Author

Wigner Research Centre for Physics - Author

Abstract

Continuous gravitational waves (CWs) emission from neutron stars carries information about their internal structure and equation of state, and it can provide tests of general relativity. We present a search for CWs from a set of 45 known pulsars in the first part of the fourth LIGO-Virgo-KAGRA observing run, known as O4a. We conducted a targeted search for each pulsar using three independent analysis methods considering single-harmonic and dual-harmonic emission models. We find no evidence of a CW signal in O4a data for both models and set upper limits on the signal amplitude and on the ellipticity, which quantifies the asymmetry in the neutron star mass distribution. For the single-harmonic emission model, 29 targets have the upper limit on the amplitude below the theoretical spin-down limit. The lowest upper limit on the amplitude is 6.4 × 10-27 for the young energetic pulsar J0537-6910, while the lowest constraint on the ellipticity is 8.8 × 10-9 for the bright nearby millisecond pulsar J0437-4715. Additionally, for a subset of 16 targets, we performed a narrowband search that is more robust regarding the emission model, with no evidence of a signal. We also found no evidence of nonstandard polarizations as predicted by the Brans-Dicke theory.

Keywords

Astronomia / físicaAstronomy & astrophysicsAstronomy and astrophysicsEngenharias iiiEngenharias ivEnsinoGeociênciasInterdisciplinarMateriaisQuímicaSpace and planetary science

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The work has been published in the journal Astrophysical Journal due to its progression and the good impact it has achieved in recent years, according to the agency WoS (JCR), it has become a reference in its field. In the year of publication of the work, 2025, it was in position 17/84, thus managing to position itself as a Q1 (Primer Cuartil), in the category Astronomy & Astrophysics.

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This work has been carried out with international collaboration, specifically with researchers from: Australia; Belgium; Brazil; France; Georgia; Germany; Gran Bretanya; Hungary; India; Italy; Japan; Mexico; Netherlands; Republic of Korea; United Kingdom; United States of America.

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Search for Continuous Gravitational Waves from Known Pulsars in the First Part of the Fourth LIGO-Virgo-KAGRA Observing Run

Affiliations

Abstract

Keywords

Quality index

Bibliometric impact. Analysis of the contribution and dissemination channel

Impact and social visibility

Leadership analysis of institutional authors