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Impact on the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs)

Analysis of institutional authors

Gomez Lopez, Miguel AngelAuthorGómez MaAuthor

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June 8, 2023
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Proceedings Paper
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A Receiver-Independent GNSS Smart Antenna for Simultaneous Jamming and Spoofing Protection

Publicated to:Ieee Aerospace Conference Proceedings. 2023-March - 2023-01-01 2023-March(), DOI: 10.1109/AERO55745.2023.10115973

Authors: Arribas, J; Gómez, MA; Fernández-Prades, C; Martín, DL; García-Tuñón, JM; Rioja, TG

Affiliations

Centre Tecnologic de Telecomunicacions de Catalunya - Author
Ctr Tecnol Telecomunicac Catalunya CTTC CERCA, Barcelona, Spain - Author
Instituto Nacional de Técnica Aeroespacial - Author
Univ Politecn Madrid, Natl Inst Aerosp Technol INTA, Madrid, Spain - Author

Abstract

It is well known that the presence of unintentional or intentional Radio Frequency Interference (RFI) signals in the Global Navigation Satellite Systems (GNSS) frequency bands can cause severe positioning performance degradation and even a complete service unavailability. Moreover, with the development of Software Defined Radio (SDR) GNSS signal generators and the popularization of low-cost SDR front-ends, the spoofing of the GNSS civil service turns out to be a real threat for GNSS receivers. Complementary to time and frequency-domain mit-igation techniques, antenna-array based receivers can benefit from spatial domain processing. An antenna array receiver can also discriminate between legitimate GNSS signals from these being broadcasted by the spoofer. In this work, we present an evolution of a receiver-independent GNSS smart antenna architecture for a real-time, automatic and autonomous, simultaneous anti-jamming and anti-spoofing spatial filtering for GNSS bands. The novel spoofer detection and mitigation algorithm is able to detect the spoofer and protect the receiver even in a scenario where the spoofer is transmitted in combination with a strong jammer to force the receiver to lose the legitimate GNSS signal lock. A prototype is also presented, implemented using Commercial Off The Shelf (COTS) components. The proposed smart antenna can be connected to any conventional single-antenna GNSS receiver. The paper includes both the theory of operation, the implementation details and its performance analysis in an extended measurement campaign.

Keywords

Peace, justice, and strong institutions

Quality index

Bibliometric impact. Analysis of the contribution and dissemination channel

The work has been published in the journal Ieee Aerospace Conference Proceedings, Q3 Agency Scopus (SJR), its regional focus and specialization in Aerospace Engineering, give it significant recognition in a specific niche of scientific knowledge at an international level.

From a relative perspective, and based on the normalized impact indicator calculated from the Field Citation Ratio (FCR) of the Dimensions source, it yields a value of: 1.17, which indicates that, compared to works in the same discipline and in the same year of publication, it ranks as a work cited above average. (source consulted: Dimensions Jul 2025)

Specifically, and according to different indexing agencies, this work has accumulated citations as of 2025-07-04, the following number of citations:

  • Open Alex: 1

Impact and social visibility

From the perspective of influence or social adoption, and based on metrics associated with mentions and interactions provided by agencies specializing in calculating the so-called "Alternative or Social Metrics," we can highlight as of 2025-07-04:

  • The use of this contribution in bookmarks, code forks, additions to favorite lists for recurrent reading, as well as general views, indicates that someone is using the publication as a basis for their current work. This may be a notable indicator of future more formal and academic citations. This claim is supported by the result of the "Capture" indicator, which yields a total of: 5 (PlumX).
Continuing with the social impact of the work, it is important to emphasize that, due to its content, it can be assigned to the area of interest of ODS 16 - Promote peaceful and inclusive societies for sustainable development, provide access to justice for all and build effective, accountable and inclusive institutions at all levels, with a probability of 59% according to the mBERT algorithm developed by Aurora University.

Leadership analysis of institutional authors

There is a significant leadership presence as some of the institution’s authors appear as the first or last signer, detailed as follows: Last Author (Rioja TG).