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Angel Alvaredo-Atienza gratefully acknowledges the Community of Madrid for financial support through the framework `Sistema Nacional de Garantia Juvenil' fomented by the European Social Fund and the Youth Employment Initiative. SAXS/WAXS experiments were funded by the Diamond Light Source Synchrotron, (grant number SM20494).

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Ridruejo, AlvaroAuthor

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Fabrication and Characterization of PEEK/PEI Multilayer Composites

Publicated to:Polymers. 12 (12): E2765-14 - 2020-12-01 12(12), DOI: 10.3390/polym12122765

Authors: Alvaredo-Atienza, Angel; Chen, Lu; San-Miguel, Veronica; Ridruejo, Alvaro; Fernandez-Blazquez, Juan P

Affiliations

Fdn Invest FIDAMC, Desarrollo & Aplicac Mat Compuestos, Avda Rita Levi Moltalcini 29, Madrid 28906, Spain - Author
IMDEA Mat Inst, C Eric Kandel 2, Madrid 28906, Spain - Author
Univ Carlos III Madrid, Dept Mat Sci & Engn & Chem Engn IAAB, Av Univ 30, Madrid 28911, Spain - Author
Univ Politecn Madrid, Dept Mat Sci, ETSI Caminos, C Prof Aranguren 3, Madrid 328040, Spain - Author

Abstract

Polyetheretherketone (PEEK)/polyetherimide (PEI) blends (50/50, v/v) keeping the crystal phase of PEEK have been manufactured by alternate PEEK/PEI layer stacking. This strategy avoided the complete miscibility of both polymers, keeping layers of PEEK and PEI unmixed along the sample thickness, as well as promoting the formation of a smooth interfacial layer where PEEK and PEI were mixed. The properties of this interface after processing at molten state and different times was studied by DSC, DMA, and X-Ray synchrotron. These techniques allowed monitoring the evolution of glass transition, where isolated T-g's for both pristine polymers were observed even after long processing time. PEEK crystallinity slightly decreased during manufacturing, whereas PEEK crystal parameters did not vary. These observations show that, although the interface-the zone where both polymers are mixed-grew, layers with pristine polymers remained even after prolonged processing time. The preservation of the PEEK crystallinity was also observed in the mechanical properties of the multilayer PEEK/PEI films, which were compared with pristine PEEK and PEI films. Multilayer samples processed for shorter times rendered higher young modulus, tensile strength, and strain at break.

Keywords

ConsolidationCrystal parametersCrystallinityCrystallization behaviorCrystalsFabrication and characterizationsGlass transitionImide)Interface statesInterfacial layerKineticsMechanical-propertiesMiscibilityMiscible blendsMultilayerMultilayer compositeMultilayer filmsMultilayersPeekPeiPoly(ether ether ketone)PolymersPristine polymersRelaxation behaviorSample thicknessSemicrystalline morphologyStrain at breakSynchrotron radiationTensile strengthX-ray synchrotron

Quality index

Bibliometric impact. Analysis of the contribution and dissemination channel

The work has been published in the journal Polymers due to its progression and the good impact it has achieved in recent years, according to the agency WoS (JCR), it has become a reference in its field. In the year of publication of the work, 2020, it was in position 18/90, thus managing to position itself as a Q1 (Primer Cuartil), in the category Polymer Science.

From a relative perspective, and based on the normalized impact indicator calculated from World Citations provided by WoS (ESI, Clarivate), it yields a value for the citation normalization relative to the expected citation rate of: 1.13. This indicates that, compared to works in the same discipline and in the same year of publication, it ranks as a work cited above average. (source consulted: ESI Nov 14, 2024)

This information is reinforced by other indicators of the same type, which, although dynamic over time and dependent on the set of average global citations at the time of their calculation, consistently position the work at some point among the top 50% most cited in its field:

  • Weighted Average of Normalized Impact by the Scopus agency: 1.15 (source consulted: FECYT Feb 2024)
  • Field Citation Ratio (FCR) from Dimensions: 3.67 (source consulted: Dimensions Jun 2025)

Specifically, and according to different indexing agencies, this work has accumulated citations as of 2025-06-12, the following number of citations:

  • WoS: 26
  • Scopus: 26
  • Europe PMC: 5
  • Google Scholar: 35
  • OpenCitations: 22

Impact and social visibility

From the perspective of influence or social adoption, and based on metrics associated with mentions and interactions provided by agencies specializing in calculating the so-called "Alternative or Social Metrics," we can highlight as of 2025-06-12:

  • The use, from an academic perspective evidenced by the Altmetric agency indicator referring to aggregations made by the personal bibliographic manager Mendeley, gives us a total of: 66.
  • The use of this contribution in bookmarks, code forks, additions to favorite lists for recurrent reading, as well as general views, indicates that someone is using the publication as a basis for their current work. This may be a notable indicator of future more formal and academic citations. This claim is supported by the result of the "Capture" indicator, which yields a total of: 65 (PlumX).

With a more dissemination-oriented intent and targeting more general audiences, we can observe other more global scores such as:

  • The Total Score from Altmetric: 3.

It is essential to present evidence supporting full alignment with institutional principles and guidelines on Open Science and the Conservation and Dissemination of Intellectual Heritage. A clear example of this is:

  • The work has been submitted to a journal whose editorial policy allows open Open Access publication.