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Analysis of institutional authors

Cruz Ulloa CCorresponding AuthorCruz Ulloa, ChristyanAuthorDel Cerro JAuthorBarrientos AAuthor

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February 27, 2023
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Autonomous victim detection system based on deep learning and multispectral imagery

Publicated to: MACHINE LEARNING: SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY. 4 (1): 15018- - 2023-03-01 4(1), DOI: 10.1088/2632-2153/acb6cf

Authors:

Ulloa, CC; Garrido, L; Del Cerro, J; Barrientos, A
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Affiliations

Univ Politecn Madrid, Ctr Automatica & Robot, Consejo Super Invest Cient, Madrid, Spain - Author
Universidad Politécnica de Madrid - Author

Abstract

Post-disaster environments resulting from catastrophic events, leave sequels such as victims trapped in debris, which are difficult to detect by rescuers in a first inspection. Technological advances in electronics and perception have allowed the development of versatile and powerful optical sensors capable of capturing light in spectrums that humans cannot. new deep learning techniques, such as convolutional neural networks (CNNs), has allowed the generation of network models capable of autonomously detecting specific image patterns according to previous training. This work introduces an autonomous victim detection system to be deployed by using search and rescue robots. The proposed system defines new indexes based on combining the multispectral bands (Blue, Green, Red, Nir, Red Edge) to obtain new multispectral images where relevant characteristics of victims and the environment are highlighted. CNNs have been used as a second phase for automatically detecting victims in these new multispectral images. A qualitative and quantitative analysis of new indexes proposed by the authors has been carried out to evaluate their efficiency in contrast to the state-of-the-art ones. A data set has been generated to train different CNN models based on the best obtained index to analyze their effectiveness in detecting victims. The results show an efficiency of 92% in automatically detecting victims when applying the best multispectral index to new data. This method has also been contrasted with others based on thermal and RGB imagery to detect victims, where it has been proven that it generates better results in situations of outdoor environments and different weather conditions.
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Keywords

convolutional neural networksfusionmultispectral imagemultispectral indexsearch and rescue roboticsArtificial visionConvolutional neural networksInformation extractionMultispectral imageMultispectral indexSearch and rescue robotics

Quality index

Bibliometric impact. Analysis of the contribution and dissemination channel

The work has been published in the journal MACHINE LEARNING: SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY due to its progression and the good impact it has achieved in recent years, according to the agency WoS (JCR), it has become a reference in its field. In the year of publication of the work, 2023, it was in position 15/134, thus managing to position itself as a Q1 (Primer Cuartil), in the category Multidisciplinary Sciences.

From a relative perspective, and based on the normalized impact indicator calculated from World Citations provided by WoS (ESI, Clarivate), it yields a value for the citation normalization relative to the expected citation rate of: 1.42. This indicates that, compared to works in the same discipline and in the same year of publication, it ranks as a work cited above average. (source consulted: ESI Nov 13, 2025)

This information is reinforced by other indicators of the same type, which, although dynamic over time and dependent on the set of average global citations at the time of their calculation, consistently position the work at some point among the top 50% most cited in its field:

  • Weighted Average of Normalized Impact by the Scopus agency: 1.19 (source consulted: FECYT Mar 2025)

Specifically, and according to different indexing agencies, this work has accumulated citations as of 2026-04-25, the following number of citations:

  • WoS: 10
  • Scopus: 12
  • Google Scholar: 5
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Impact and social visibility

From the perspective of influence or social adoption, and based on metrics associated with mentions and interactions provided by agencies specializing in calculating the so-called "Alternative or Social Metrics," we can highlight as of 2026-04-25:

  • The use, from an academic perspective evidenced by the Altmetric agency indicator referring to aggregations made by the personal bibliographic manager Mendeley, gives us a total of: 23.
  • The use of this contribution in bookmarks, code forks, additions to favorite lists for recurrent reading, as well as general views, indicates that someone is using the publication as a basis for their current work. This may be a notable indicator of future more formal and academic citations. This claim is supported by the result of the "Capture" indicator, which yields a total of: 23 (PlumX).

With a more dissemination-oriented intent and targeting more general audiences, we can observe other more global scores such as:

  • The Total Score from Altmetric: 16.
  • The number of mentions on the social network X (formerly Twitter): 4 (Altmetric).
  • The number of mentions in news outlets: 1 (Altmetric).

It is essential to present evidence supporting full alignment with institutional principles and guidelines on Open Science and the Conservation and Dissemination of Intellectual Heritage. A clear example of this is:

  • The work has been submitted to a journal whose editorial policy allows open Open Access publication.
  • Assignment of a Handle/URN as an identifier within the deposit in the Institutional Repository: https://oa.upm.es/93009/

As a result of the publication of the work in the institutional repository, statistical usage data has been obtained that reflects its impact. In terms of dissemination, we can state that, as of

  • Views: 35
  • Downloads: 25
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Leadership analysis of institutional authors

There is a significant leadership presence as some of the institution’s authors appear as the first or last signer, detailed as follows: First Author (CRUZ ULLOA, CHRISTYAN MARIO) and Last Author (BARRIENTOS CRUZ, ANTONIO).

the author responsible for correspondence tasks has been CRUZ ULLOA, CHRISTYAN.

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