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Article

Nonlinear electronic stopping of negatively charged particles in liquid water

Publicated to:Physical Review Research. 5 (3): 33063- - 2023-07-31 5(3), DOI: 10.1103/PhysRevResearch.5.033063

Authors: Koval, NE; Da Pieve, F; Gu, B; Muñoz-Santiburcio, D; Kohanoff, J; Artacho, E

Affiliations

Basque Fdn Sci, Ikerbasque, Bilbao 48011, Spain - Author
CIC Nanogune BRTA, Donostia San Sebastian 20018, Spain - Author
Ctr Fis Mat CFM MPC, Donostia San Sebastian 20018, Spain - Author
Donostia Int Phys Ctr DIPC, Donostia San Sebastian 20018, Spain - Author
European Res Council Execut Agcy ERCEA, Brussels, Belgium - Author
Nanjing Univ Informat Sci & Technol, Dept Phys, Nanjing 210044, Peoples R China - Author
Queens Univ Belfast, Atomist Simulat Ctr, Belfast BT7 1NN, North Ireland - Author
Royal Belgian Inst Space Aeron, B-1180 Brussels, Belgium - Author
Univ Cambridge, Cavendish Lab, Theory Condensed Matter, JJ Thomson Ave, Cambridge CB3 0HE, England - Author
Univ Politecn Madrid, Inst Fus Nucl Guillermo Velarde, Madrid 28006, Spain - Author
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Abstract

We present real-time time-dependent density-functional-theory calculations of the electronic stopping power for negative and positive projectiles (electrons, protons, antiprotons, and muons) moving through liquid water. After correction for finite mass effects, the nonlinear stopping power obtained in this paper is significantly different from the previously known results from semiempirical calculations based on the dielectric response formalism. Linear-nonlinear discrepancies are found both in the maximum value of the stopping power and the Bragg peak's position. Our results indicate the importance of the nonlinear description of electronic processes, particularly, for electron projectiles, which are modeled here as classical point charges. Our findings also confirm the expectation that the quantum nature of the electron projectile should substantially influence the stopping power around the Bragg peak and below. © 2023 authors. Published by the American Physical Society. Published by the American Physical Society under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International license. Further distribution of this work must maintain attribution to the author(s) and the published article's title, journal citation, and DOI.

Keywords

dielectric responselow-energy electronsmean-free-pathmodelpowerradiationCharged particlesDensity functional theoryElectronic stoppingElectronic stopping powerFinite massInelastic cross-sectionsLiquid waterNegatively chargedProjectile electronProjectilesProton-antiprotonReal- timeTime dependent density functional theory calculations

Quality index

Bibliometric impact. Analysis of the contribution and dissemination channel

The work has been published in the journal Physical Review Research due to its progression and the good impact it has achieved in recent years, according to the agency WoS (JCR), it has become a reference in its field. In the year of publication of the work, 2023, it was in position 26/112, thus managing to position itself as a Q1 (Primer Cuartil), in the category Physics, Multidisciplinary.

Independientemente del impacto esperado determinado por el canal de difusión, es importante destacar el impacto real observado de la propia aportación.

Según las diferentes agencias de indexación, el número de citas acumuladas por esta publicación hasta la fecha 2025-06-13:

  • WoS: 1
  • Scopus: 1
  • OpenCitations: 1

Impact and social visibility

From the perspective of influence or social adoption, and based on metrics associated with mentions and interactions provided by agencies specializing in calculating the so-called "Alternative or Social Metrics," we can highlight as of 2025-06-13:

  • The use, from an academic perspective evidenced by the Altmetric agency indicator referring to aggregations made by the personal bibliographic manager Mendeley, gives us a total of: 3.
  • The use of this contribution in bookmarks, code forks, additions to favorite lists for recurrent reading, as well as general views, indicates that someone is using the publication as a basis for their current work. This may be a notable indicator of future more formal and academic citations. This claim is supported by the result of the "Capture" indicator, which yields a total of: 3 (PlumX).

With a more dissemination-oriented intent and targeting more general audiences, we can observe other more global scores such as:

  • The Total Score from Altmetric: 4.3.
  • The number of mentions on the social network X (formerly Twitter): 6 (Altmetric).

It is essential to present evidence supporting full alignment with institutional principles and guidelines on Open Science and the Conservation and Dissemination of Intellectual Heritage. A clear example of this is:

  • The work has been submitted to a journal whose editorial policy allows open Open Access publication.

Leadership analysis of institutional authors

This work has been carried out with international collaboration, specifically with researchers from: Belgium; China; United Kingdom.