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Grant support

This project received funding from the Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha, Spain, and the Fondo Europeo de Desarrollo Regional through grant 2022-GRIN-34124, and from the Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovacion, Spain, through grants PID2019-110928RB-C31.

Analysis of institutional authors

Garijo, LAuthorOrtega, JjAuthor

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February 13, 2024
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Autogenous self-healing induced by compressive fatigue in carbonated hydraulic lime mortars

Publicated to:Journal Of Building Engineering. 80 108035- - 2023-12-01 80(), DOI: 10.1016/j.jobe.2023.108035

Authors: Garijo, L; De La Rosa, A; Ruiz, G; Ortega, JJ

Affiliations

Univ Castilla La Mancha, ETSI Caminos, CyP Ciudad Real, Ave Camilo Jose Cela S-N, Ciudad Real 13071, Spain - Author
Univ Politecn Madrid, ETS Ingn & Diseno Ind, Ronda Valencia 3, Madrid 28012, Spain - Author
Univ Politecn Madrid, ETSI Minas & Energia, Calle Alenza 4, Madrid 28003, Spain - Author

Abstract

This study investigates the autogenous self-healing mechanisms in carbonated natural hydraulic lime mortar exposed to cyclic compressive loads. We sought to explain the observed 40% surge in residual compressive strength compared to the quasi-static compressive strength following fatigue testing at frequencies of 5 Hz, 0.5 Hz, and 0.05 Hz [Theoretical and Applied Fracture Mechanics 118 (2022) 103201]. Central to our investigation is the hypothesis that cyclic loads mobilize the embedded water in the mortar, catalyzing chemical reactions that foster autogenous self healing. To substantiate this, intact and post-compressive fatigue specimens were analyzed using differential thermal analysis (DTA), thermogravimetric assessments (TGA), mercury intrusion porosimetry (MIP), and scanning electron microscopy with energy dispersive X-ray analysis (SEM-EDX). The TGA-DTA highlighted the evolution of new hydration pathways, characterized by C-S-H gel and portlandite formation. The MIP results indicated a decline in pore volume, particularly in fine pores, affirming the synthesis of novel hydration compounds. The SEM-EDX analysis further authenticated the composition of these emergent microstructures. This work, therefore, presents a comprehensive understanding of the factors influencing autogenous self healing in lime mortar systems.

Keywords

And restorationAutogenous self-healingBehaviorCementitious materialsCompositeCompressive fatigueCompressive strengthCracksDifferential thermal analysisDifferential-thermal analysisEnergy dispersive x ray analysisFatigue testingFracture mechanicsFrequencyHagia-sophiaHistorical constructionHistorical constructionsHydrated limeHydrationKineticsLimeLime mortarLime mortarsMercury intrusionMicrostructureMortarPozzolanic activityResidual compressive strengthRestorationScanning electron microscopySelf-healingSelf-healing materialsThermo-gravimetricThermogravimetric analysisX ray diffraction analysis

Quality index

Bibliometric impact. Analysis of the contribution and dissemination channel

The work has been published in the journal Journal Of Building Engineering due to its progression and the good impact it has achieved in recent years, according to the agency WoS (JCR), it has become a reference in its field. In the year of publication of the work, 2023, it was in position 9/182, thus managing to position itself as a Q1 (Primer Cuartil), in the category Engineering, Civil. Notably, the journal is positioned above the 90th percentile.

From a relative perspective, and based on the normalized impact indicator calculated from the Field Citation Ratio (FCR) of the Dimensions source, it yields a value of: 1.52, which indicates that, compared to works in the same discipline and in the same year of publication, it ranks as a work cited above average. (source consulted: Dimensions Jul 2025)

Specifically, and according to different indexing agencies, this work has accumulated citations as of 2025-07-10, the following number of citations:

  • WoS: 1
  • Scopus: 2

Impact and social visibility

From the perspective of influence or social adoption, and based on metrics associated with mentions and interactions provided by agencies specializing in calculating the so-called "Alternative or Social Metrics," we can highlight as of 2025-07-10:

  • The use of this contribution in bookmarks, code forks, additions to favorite lists for recurrent reading, as well as general views, indicates that someone is using the publication as a basis for their current work. This may be a notable indicator of future more formal and academic citations. This claim is supported by the result of the "Capture" indicator, which yields a total of: 20 (PlumX).

Leadership analysis of institutional authors

There is a significant leadership presence as some of the institution’s authors appear as the first or last signer, detailed as follows: First Author (GARIJO ALONSO, LUCIA) and Last Author (ORTEGA PARREÑO, JOSE JOAQUIN).