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February 21, 2024
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Dual-Mode Conical Horn Antenna with 2-D Azimuthal Monopulse Pattern for Millimeter-Wave Applications †

Publicated to: Sensors. 23 (19): 8157- - 2023-10-01 23(19), DOI: 10.3390/s23198157

Authors:

Piroutiniya, Asrin; Rasekhmanesh, Mohamad Hosein; Masa-Campos, Jose Luis; Calero-Rodriguez, Jose Luis; Ruiz-Cruz, Jorge A
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Affiliations

Group of RadioFrequency: Circuits, Antennas and Systems (RFCAS), Escuela Politécnica Superior, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, 28049, Spain - Author
Univ Autonoma Madrid, Escuela Politecn Super, Grp RadioFrequency Circuits Antennas & Syst RFCAS, Madrid 28049, Spain - Author

Abstract

In this paper, a novel concept of a three-dimensional full metal system including a Dual-Mode Converter (DMC) network integrated with a high-gain Conical Horn Antenna (CHA) is presented. This system is designed for 5G millimeter wave applications requiring monopulse operation at K-band ((Formula presented.)). The DMC integrates two mode converters. They excite either the  (Formula presented.)  or the  (Formula presented.)  modes of the circular waveguide of the CHA. The input of the mode converters is the  (Formula presented.)  mode of two independent WR-28 standard rectangular waveguide ports. By integrating the DMC with the CHA, the whole system, called a Dual-Mode Conical Horn Antenna (DM-CHA), is formed, radiating the sum ((Formula presented.)) and difference ((Formula presented.)) patterns associated to the monopulse operation. To adequately prevent the propagation of higher order modes and mode mutual coupling, this integration procedure is carefully designed and fabricated. To prove the performance of the design, the DMC network was fabricated using subtractive manufacturing by Computer Numerical Control (CNC) technology. The CHA was fabricated using additive manufacturing by Direct Metal Laser Sintering (DLMS) technology. Finally, the simulation and measurement results were exhaustively compared, including return loss, isolation, radiation pattern, and gain of the full DM-CHA structure. It is noteworthy that this system provided up to  (Formula presented.)  per beam in the angular of arrival detection to support the high data rate operation for 5G satellite communications in the millimeter-wave band. © 2023 by the authors.
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Keywords

3d printing5g5g mobile communication systemsCircular waveguidesConical horn antennaConical horn antennasDirectional patterns (antenna)Dual-mode conical hornDual-mode converterDual-mode convertersFabricationHorn antennasK bandsK-bandMetal systemsMicrowave antennasMillimeter wavesMillimeter-wave applicationsMode converterMode convertersMonopulseNovel conceptRectangular waveguidesSatellite communication systemsSintering

Quality index

Bibliometric impact. Analysis of the contribution and dissemination channel

The work has been published in the journal Sensors due to its progression and the good impact it has achieved in recent years, according to the agency Scopus (SJR), it has become a reference in its field. In the year of publication of the work, 2023, it was in position , thus managing to position itself as a Q1 (Primer Cuartil), in the category Instrumentation.

Independientemente del impacto esperado determinado por el canal de difusión, es importante destacar el impacto real observado de la propia aportación.

Según las diferentes agencias de indexación, el número de citas acumuladas por esta publicación hasta la fecha 2025-12-19:

  • Scopus: 2
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Impact and social visibility

From the perspective of influence or social adoption, and based on metrics associated with mentions and interactions provided by agencies specializing in calculating the so-called "Alternative or Social Metrics," we can highlight as of 2025-12-19:

  • The use of this contribution in bookmarks, code forks, additions to favorite lists for recurrent reading, as well as general views, indicates that someone is using the publication as a basis for their current work. This may be a notable indicator of future more formal and academic citations. This claim is supported by the result of the "Capture" indicator, which yields a total of: 5 (PlumX).

With a more dissemination-oriented intent and targeting more general audiences, we can observe other more global scores such as:

    It is essential to present evidence supporting full alignment with institutional principles and guidelines on Open Science and the Conservation and Dissemination of Intellectual Heritage. A clear example of this is:

    • The work has been submitted to a journal whose editorial policy allows open Open Access publication.
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    Leadership analysis of institutional authors

    the author responsible for correspondence tasks has been RUIZ CRUZ, JORGE ALFONSO.

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