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Bolonio, DavidAuthor

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July 28, 2024
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Estimation of soot refractive index from its nanostructural parameters with the dispersion model

Publicated to: CARBON. 228 119426- - 2024-09-01 228(), DOI: 10.1016/j.carbon.2024.119426

Authors:

González-Correa, S; Bolonio, D; Ballesteros, R; Lapuerta, M
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Affiliations

Univ Castilla La Mancha, ETS Ingn Ind, Avda Camilo Jose Cela S-N, Ciudad Real 13071, Spain - Author
Univ Politecn Madrid, Dept Energy & Fuels, ETS Ingn Minas & Energia, Rios Rosas 21, Madrid 28003, Spain - Author

Abstract

Particles derived from combustion processes, mainly composed of soot agglomerates, are acknowledged to be among the main contributors to climate change. Their effects depend mostly on their size, shape, and internal structure. Specifically, the latter has a significant effect on their optical properties, mainly through the refractive index. This index has been widely evaluated, but scarcely correlated with the soot internal characteristics. In this work, relationships between the nanostructural parameters (such as the degree of graphitization, among others) obtained with conventional analytical techniques and the input parameters of the dispersion model (a representation of the electromagnetic radiation through the Lorentz-Drude approach) are proposed with the aim to determine the refractive index. From experiments in a chassis dynamometer, it has been observed that as the vehicle speed increases, the soot samples have, in general, higher degree of graphitization, due to increased combustion temperature. The method proposed allows quantifying how both the real and imaginary parts of the complex refractive index increase as the degree of graphitization increases. Much lower dependence on the average crystal length has been observed. Different combinations of techniques can be used to determine the nanostructural parameters, depending on the analytical technique used. As far as the resulting parameters are reliable, the effect of the technique selected is minor, thus providing flexibility to the application of the method.
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Keywords

AgglomeratesAmorphous-carbonBlack carbonDiamondElectrical-propertiesGraphiteLaser-induced incandescenceLight-absorptionMorphologyOptical-propertiesParticleRaman spectroscopRaman spectroscopyRaman-spectroscopyRefractive indexSootX ray diffraction

Quality index

Bibliometric impact. Analysis of the contribution and dissemination channel

The work has been published in the journal CARBON due to its progression and the good impact it has achieved in recent years, according to the agency WoS (JCR), it has become a reference in its field. In the year of publication of the work, 2024 there are still no calculated indicators, but in 2023, it was in position 47/461, thus managing to position itself as a Q1 (Primer Cuartil), in the category Materials Science, Multidisciplinary. Notably, the journal is positioned above the 90th percentile.

Independientemente del impacto esperado determinado por el canal de difusión, es importante destacar el impacto real observado de la propia aportación.

Según las diferentes agencias de indexación, el número de citas acumuladas por esta publicación hasta la fecha 2026-04-25:

  • Google Scholar: 3
  • WoS: 2
  • Scopus: 2
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Impact and social visibility

From the perspective of influence or social adoption, and based on metrics associated with mentions and interactions provided by agencies specializing in calculating the so-called "Alternative or Social Metrics," we can highlight as of 2026-04-25:

  • The use of this contribution in bookmarks, code forks, additions to favorite lists for recurrent reading, as well as general views, indicates that someone is using the publication as a basis for their current work. This may be a notable indicator of future more formal and academic citations. This claim is supported by the result of the "Capture" indicator, which yields a total of: 5 (PlumX).

It is essential to present evidence supporting full alignment with institutional principles and guidelines on Open Science and the Conservation and Dissemination of Intellectual Heritage. A clear example of this is:

  • The work has been submitted to a journal whose editorial policy allows open Open Access publication.
  • Assignment of a Handle/URN as an identifier within the deposit in the Institutional Repository: https://oa.upm.es/91860/

As a result of the publication of the work in the institutional repository, statistical usage data has been obtained that reflects its impact. In terms of dissemination, we can state that, as of

  • Views: 54
  • Downloads: 60
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Awards linked to the item

The Ministry of Science and Innovation from Spain is gratefully acknowledged by funding the project RAD-SOOT (ref. PID 2019-109767RB-I00) . The contract (ref: 2022-UNIVERS-11373) of Gonzalez-Correa at University of Castilla-La Mancha has been funded by the European Union through European Social Fund Plus (ESF +) .
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