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Impact on the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs)

Analysis of institutional authors

Guerrero, Jose MAuthorPlatero, Carlos ACorresponding AuthorBlazquez, FranciscoAuthorSanchez, Jose AAuthor

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September 22, 2024
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Effect of Primary Cable Position on Accuracy in Non-Toroidal-Shaped Pass-Through Current Transformer

Publicated to: SENSORS. 24 (17): 5524- - 2024-09-01 24(17), DOI: 10.3390/s24175524

Authors:

Guerrero, JM; Platero, CA; Blázquez, F; Sánchez, JA
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Affiliations

Univ Basque Country, Elect Engn Dept, Euskal Herriko Unibertsitatea EHU, Bilbao 48007, Spain - Author
Univ Politecn Madrid, Automat Elect & Elect Engn & Ind Comp Dept, Madrid 28006, Spain - Author
Univ Politecn Madrid, Civil Hydraul Energy & Environm Engn Dept, Madrid 28006, Spain - Author
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Abstract

Non-toroidal-shaped primary pass-through protection current transformers (CTs) are used to measure high currents. Their design provides them with a big airgap that allow the passing of several cables per phase though them, which is the main advantage versus toroidal types, as the number of CTs required to measure the whole phase current is drastically reduced. The cables passed through the transformer window can be in several positions. As the isolines of the magnetic field generated by the primary currents are centered in the cables, if these cables are not centered in the transformer window, then the magnetic field will be non-uniform along the transformer core. Consequently, local saturations can appear if the cables are not properly disposed, causing the malfunction of the CT. In this paper, the performance of a non-toroidal-shaped protection CT is studied. This research is focused on the influence of the cable position on possible partial saturations of the CT when it is operating near to its accuracy limit. Depending on the cable position, the ratio of the primary and secondary currents can depart from the assigned ratio. The validation of this phenomenon was carried out via finite element analysis (FEA), showing that partial transformer core saturations appear in areas of the magnetic core close to the cable. By applying FEA, the admissible accuracy region for cable positioning inside the CT is also delimited. Finally, the simulation results are ratified with experimental tests performed in non-toroidal protection CTs, varying the primary cables' positions, which are subjected to currents up to 5 kA, achieving satisfactory results. From this analysis, installation recommendations are given.
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Keywords

Affordable and clean energyCable positionCurrent measurementCurrent sensorsCurrent transformersFinite element analysisMagnetic sensorsProtection transformersSensitivity analysisSensor testinSensor testing

Quality index

Bibliometric impact. Analysis of the contribution and dissemination channel

The work has been published in the journal SENSORS due to its progression and the good impact it has achieved in recent years, according to the agency Scopus (SJR), it has become a reference in its field. In the year of publication of the work, 2024 there are still no calculated indicators, but in 2023, it was in position , thus managing to position itself as a Q1 (Primer Cuartil), in the category Instrumentation.

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Impact and social visibility

From the perspective of influence or social adoption, and based on metrics associated with mentions and interactions provided by agencies specializing in calculating the so-called "Alternative or Social Metrics," we can highlight as of 2026-04-26:

  • The use, from an academic perspective evidenced by the Altmetric agency indicator referring to aggregations made by the personal bibliographic manager Mendeley, gives us a total of: 7.
  • The use of this contribution in bookmarks, code forks, additions to favorite lists for recurrent reading, as well as general views, indicates that someone is using the publication as a basis for their current work. This may be a notable indicator of future more formal and academic citations. This claim is supported by the result of the "Capture" indicator, which yields a total of: 6 (PlumX).

With a more dissemination-oriented intent and targeting more general audiences, we can observe other more global scores such as:

  • The Total Score from Altmetric: 1.
  • The number of mentions on the social network X (formerly Twitter): 1 (Altmetric).

It is essential to present evidence supporting full alignment with institutional principles and guidelines on Open Science and the Conservation and Dissemination of Intellectual Heritage. A clear example of this is:

  • The work has been submitted to a journal whose editorial policy allows open Open Access publication.
  • Assignment of a Handle/URN as an identifier within the deposit in the Institutional Repository: https://oa.upm.es/89323/

As a result of the publication of the work in the institutional repository, statistical usage data has been obtained that reflects its impact. In terms of dissemination, we can state that, as of

  • Views: 131
  • Downloads: 93
Continuing with the social impact of the work, it is important to emphasize that, due to its content, it can be assigned to the area of interest of ODS 7 - Affordable and clean energy, with a probability of 82% according to the mBERT algorithm developed by Aurora University.
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Leadership analysis of institutional authors

There is a significant leadership presence as some of the institution’s authors appear as the first or last signer, detailed as follows: First Author (GUERRERO GRANADOS, JOSE MANUEL) and Last Author (SANCHEZ FERNANDEZ, JOSE ANGEL).

the author responsible for correspondence tasks has been PLATERO GAONA, CARLOS ANTONIO.

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Awards linked to the item

This work was supported by the Universidad del Pais Vasco/Euskal Herriko Unibertsitatea (UPV/EHU) GISEL Research Group and the Basque Government, under grant "IT1522-22".
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