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This work was supported in part by the Ministry of Economy and Competitiveness of Spain under Grant PID2021-128469OB- I00 and Grant TED2021-131688B-I00, in part by Comunidad de Madrid, Spain, and in part by the Madrid ELLIS unit (European Laboratory for Learning & Intelligent Systems). The work of Julian D. Arias-London was supported by Universidad Politecnica de Madrid through a Maria Zambrano UP2021-035 grant funded by European Union-NextGenerationEU.

Analysis of institutional authors

Luque-Buzo, ElisaAuthorBejani, MehdiAuthorArias-Londono, Julian DAuthorGomez-Garcia, Jorge AAuthorGodino-Llorente, Juan ICorresponding Author

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December 17, 2024
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Article

Estimation of the Cyclopean Eye From Binocular Smooth Pursuit Tests

Publicated to:Ieee Transactions On Cognitive And Developmental Systems. 16 (6): 2125-2137 - 2024-12-01 16(6), DOI: 10.1109/TCDS.2024.3410110

Authors: Luque-Buzo, E; Bejani, M; Arias-Londoño, JD; Gómez-García, JA; Grandas-Pérez, F; Godino-Llorente, JI

Affiliations

Hosp Gen Univ Gregorio Maranon, Neurol Dept, Movement Disorders Unit, Madrid 28007, Spain - Author
Univ Politecn Madrid, Escuela Tecn Super Ingn ETSI Telecomunicac, Madrid 28040, Spain - Author

Abstract

In binocular vision, the visual system combines images in the retina to generate a single perception, which triggers a sensorimotor process that forces the eyes to point to the same target. Thus, following a moving target, both eyes are expected to move synchronously following identical motor triggers but, in practise, significant differences between eyes are found due to the presence of certain artifacts and effects. Thus, a better indirect characterization of the underlying neurological behavior during eye motion would require new automatic preprocessing methods applied to the eye-tracking sequences for rendering the common and most significant movements of both eyes. To address this need, the present study proposes an automatic method for extracting the common components of the left- and right-eye motions from a set of Smooth Pursuit tests by applying an independent component analysis. To do so, both sequences are decomposed into two independent latent components: the first presumably correlates with the common motor triggering at the brain, while the second collects artifacts introduced during the recording process and small effects due to convergence deficits and eye dominance biases. The evaluations were carried out using data corresponding to 12 different smooth pursuit eye movements tests, which were collected using an infrared high-speed video-based eye-tracking device from 41 parkinsonian patients and 47 controls. The results show that the automatic method can separate the aforementioned components in 99.50% of cases, extracting a latent component correlated with the common motor triggering at the brain, which we hypothesize is characterizing the movements of the cyclopean eye. The estimated component could be used to simplify any other potential automatic analysis.

Keywords

Binocular visionConvergenceCyclopean eyeDominant eyeElectrocardiographyFeature extractionFunctional magnetic resonance imagingIcaIndependent component analysisIndependent component analysis (ica)MotorsNoisNoise reductionRemoving artifactsSmooth pursuit eye movementsSmooth pursuit eye movements (spems)SystematicsVideoculographVideoculographyVisualization

Quality index

Bibliometric impact. Analysis of the contribution and dissemination channel

The work has been published in the journal Ieee Transactions On Cognitive And Developmental Systems due to its progression and the good impact it has achieved in recent years, according to the agency WoS (JCR), it has become a reference in its field. In the year of publication of the work, 2024 there are still no calculated indicators, but in 2023, it was in position 55/314, thus managing to position itself as a Q1 (Primer Cuartil), in the category Neurosciences.

Impact and social visibility

From the perspective of influence or social adoption, and based on metrics associated with mentions and interactions provided by agencies specializing in calculating the so-called "Alternative or Social Metrics," we can highlight as of 2025-07-25:

  • The use of this contribution in bookmarks, code forks, additions to favorite lists for recurrent reading, as well as general views, indicates that someone is using the publication as a basis for their current work. This may be a notable indicator of future more formal and academic citations. This claim is supported by the result of the "Capture" indicator, which yields a total of: 20 (PlumX).

With a more dissemination-oriented intent and targeting more general audiences, we can observe other more global scores such as:

    It is essential to present evidence supporting full alignment with institutional principles and guidelines on Open Science and the Conservation and Dissemination of Intellectual Heritage. A clear example of this is:

    • The work has been submitted to a journal whose editorial policy allows open Open Access publication.
    • Assignment of a Handle/URN as an identifier within the deposit in the Institutional Repository: https://oa.upm.es/87876/

    As a result of the publication of the work in the institutional repository, statistical usage data has been obtained that reflects its impact. In terms of dissemination, we can state that, as of

    • Views: 29
    • Downloads: 8

    Leadership analysis of institutional authors

    There is a significant leadership presence as some of the institution’s authors appear as the first or last signer, detailed as follows: First Author (LUQUE BUZO, ELISA) and Last Author (GODINO LLORENTE, JUAN IGNACIO).

    the author responsible for correspondence tasks has been GODINO LLORENTE, JUAN IGNACIO.