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Cicuendez, VCorresponding AuthorSáenz, CAuthor

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December 19, 2024
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Modeling Gross Primary Production (GPP) of a Mediterranean Grassland in Central Spain Using Sentinel-2 NDVI and Meteorological Field Information

Publicated to:Agronomy-Basel. 14 (6): 1243- - 2024-06-01 14(6), DOI: 10.3390/agronomy14061243

Authors: Cicuéndez, V; Inclán, R; Sánchez-Cañete, EP; Román-Cascón, C; Sáenz, C; Yagüe, C

Affiliations

Ctr Invest Energet Medioambientales & Tecnol CIEMA, Dept Medio Ambiente, Avda Complutense 40 - Author
Quasar Si Resources SL, Camino Ceudas 2 - Author
Univ Cadiz, Fac Ciencias Mar & Ambientales, Dept Fis Aplicada, INMAR,CEIMAR - Author
Univ Complutense Madrid UCM, Dept Fis Tierra & Astrofis, Plaza Ciencias 1,Ciudad Univ - Author
Univ Granada UGR, Dept Fis Aplicada, Avda Fuente Nueva S-N - Author
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Abstract

Mediterranean grasslands provide different ecosystems and social and economic services to the Mediterranean basin. Specifically, in Spain, pastures occupy more than 55% of the Spanish surface. Farmers and policymakers need to estimate the Gross Primary Production (GPP) to make sustainable management of these ecosystems and to study the role of grasslands acting as sinks or sources of Carbon in the context of climate change. High-frequency satellites, such as Sentinel-2, have opened the door to study GPP with a higher spatial and lower revisit time (10 m and 5 days). Therefore, the overall objective of this research is to estimate an ecosystem light use efficiency (eLUE) GPP model for a Mediterranean grassland in central Spain using Sentinel-2 NDVI Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI), complemented with meteorological information at the field scale for a relatively long period (from January 2018 to July 2020). The GPP models studied in this research were the MODIS GPP product, as well as the four eLUE models built with MODIS or Sentinel-2 NDVI and complemented by the inclusion of minimum temperature (Tmin) and soil water content (SWC). The models were validated through the GPP obtained from an eddy-covariance flux tower located in the study site (GPP_T). Results showed that the MODIS GPP product underestimated the GPP_T of the grassland ecosystem. Besides this, the approach of the eLUE concept was valid for estimating GPP in this Mediterranean grassland ecosystem. In addition, the models showed an improvement using Sentinel-2 NDVI compared to MODIS GPP product and compared to the models that used MODIS NDVI due to its higher spatial and temporal resolution. The inclusion of Tmin and SWC was also a determinant in improving GPP models during winter and summer periods. This work also illustrates how the main wind directions of the study area must be considered to appropriately estimate the footprint of the eddy covariance flux tower. In conclusion, this study is the first step to efficiently estimating the GPP of Mediterranean grasslands using the Sentinel-2 NDVI with complementary meteorological field information to make the management of these ecosystems sustainable.

Keywords

AssimilationEcosystem light use efficiencyEddy covarianceEnergyFootprint estimationIndexMeteorological variablesModisNet ecosystem exchangeRespirationSavannaSentinel-2SeparationSustainable managementTime-seriesVariabilityWater

Quality index

Bibliometric impact. Analysis of the contribution and dissemination channel

The work has been published in the journal Agronomy-Basel due to its progression and the good impact it has achieved in recent years, according to the agency WoS (JCR), it has become a reference in its field. In the year of publication of the work, 2024 there are still no calculated indicators, but in 2023, it was in position 21/129, thus managing to position itself as a Q1 (Primer Cuartil), in the category Agronomy.

Impact and social visibility

From the perspective of influence or social adoption, and based on metrics associated with mentions and interactions provided by agencies specializing in calculating the so-called "Alternative or Social Metrics," we can highlight as of 2025-09-21:

  • The use of this contribution in bookmarks, code forks, additions to favorite lists for recurrent reading, as well as general views, indicates that someone is using the publication as a basis for their current work. This may be a notable indicator of future more formal and academic citations. This claim is supported by the result of the "Capture" indicator, which yields a total of: 10 (PlumX).

With a more dissemination-oriented intent and targeting more general audiences, we can observe other more global scores such as:

    It is essential to present evidence supporting full alignment with institutional principles and guidelines on Open Science and the Conservation and Dissemination of Intellectual Heritage. A clear example of this is:

    • The work has been submitted to a journal whose editorial policy allows open Open Access publication.
    • Assignment of a Handle/URN as an identifier within the deposit in the Institutional Repository: https://oa.upm.es/89723/

    As a result of the publication of the work in the institutional repository, statistical usage data has been obtained that reflects its impact. In terms of dissemination, we can state that, as of

    • Views: 80
    • Downloads: 7

    Leadership analysis of institutional authors

    There is a significant leadership presence as some of the institution’s authors appear as the first or last signer, detailed as follows: First Author (CICUENDEZ LOPEZ-OCAÑA, VICTOR) .

    the author responsible for correspondence tasks has been CICUENDEZ LOPEZ-OCAÑA, VICTOR.