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Kohanoff, JAuthor

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December 19, 2024
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Increased Absorption of Thyroxine in a Murine Model of Hypothyroidism Using Water/CO2 Nanobubbles

Publicated to: INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SCIENCES. 25 (11): 5827- - 2024-06-01 25(11), DOI: 10.3390/ijms25115827

Authors:

Opazo, MC; Yañez, O; Márquez-Miranda, V; Santos, J; Rojas, M; Araya-Durán, I; Aguayo, D; Leal, M; Duarte, Y; Kohanoff, J; González-Nilo, FD
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Affiliations

Queens Univ Belfast, Atomist Simulat Ctr - Author
Univ Amer, Fac Ingn & Negocios, Nucleo Invest Data Sci - Author
Univ Andres Bello, Fac Ciencias Vida, Ctr Bioinformat & Integrat Biol CBIB - Author
Univ Andres Bello, Millenium Inst Immunol & Immunotherapy, Fac Ciencias Vida, Lab Endocrino Inmunol - Author
Univ Chile, Fac Ciencias Quim & Farmaceut, Dept Quim Organ & Fisicoquim - Author
Univ Valparaiso, Fac Sci, Interdisciplinary Ctr Neurosci Valparaiso - Author
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Abstract

Thyroxine (T4) is a drug extensively utilized for the treatment of hypothyroidism. However, the oral absorption of T4 presents certain limitations. This research investigates the efficacy of CO2 nanobubbles in water as a potential oral carrier for T4 administration to C57BL/6 hypothyroid mice. Following 18 h of fasting, the formulation was administered to the mice, demonstrating that the combination of CO2 nanobubbles and T4 enhanced the drug's absorption in blood serum by approximately 40%. To comprehend this observation at a molecular level, we explored the interaction mechanism through which T4 engages with the CO2 nanobubbles, employing molecular simulations, semi-empirical quantum mechanics, and PMF calculations. Our simulations revealed a high affinity of T4 for the water-gas interface, driven by additive interactions between the hydrophobic region of T4 and the gas phase and electrostatic interactions of the polar groups of T4 with water at the water-gas interface. Concurrently, we observed that at the water-gas interface, the cluster of T4 formed in the water region disassembles, contributing to the drug's bioavailability. Furthermore, we examined how the gas within the nanobubbles aids in facilitating the drug's translocation through cell membranes. This research contributes to a deeper understanding of the role of CO2 nanobubbles in drug absorption and subsequent release into the bloodstream. The findings suggest that utilizing CO2 nanobubbles could enhance T4 bioavailability and cell permeability, leading to more efficient transport into cells. Additional research opens the possibility of employing lower concentrations of this class of drugs, thereby potentially reducing the associated side effects due to poor absorption.
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Keywords

Administration, oralAmerican thyroid associationAnimalsAutomationCarbon dioxideDiseaseDisease models, animalDrug carriersDrug deliveryHypothyroidismMiceMice, inbred c57blNanobubblesNanoparticlesSimulationStabilityTherapyThyroxineWater

Quality index

Bibliometric impact. Analysis of the contribution and dissemination channel

The work has been published in the journal INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SCIENCES due to its progression and the good impact it has achieved in recent years, according to the agency WoS (JCR), it has become a reference in its field. In the year of publication of the work, 2024 there are still no calculated indicators, but in 2023, it was in position 72/320, thus managing to position itself as a Q1 (Primer Cuartil), in the category Biochemistry & Molecular Biology.

Independientemente del impacto esperado determinado por el canal de difusión, es importante destacar el impacto real observado de la propia aportación.

Según las diferentes agencias de indexación, el número de citas acumuladas por esta publicación hasta la fecha 2026-04-24:

  • WoS: 1
  • Scopus: 1
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Impact and social visibility

From the perspective of influence or social adoption, and based on metrics associated with mentions and interactions provided by agencies specializing in calculating the so-called "Alternative or Social Metrics," we can highlight as of 2026-04-24:

  • The use of this contribution in bookmarks, code forks, additions to favorite lists for recurrent reading, as well as general views, indicates that someone is using the publication as a basis for their current work. This may be a notable indicator of future more formal and academic citations. This claim is supported by the result of the "Capture" indicator, which yields a total of: 6 (PlumX).

With a more dissemination-oriented intent and targeting more general audiences, we can observe other more global scores such as:

    It is essential to present evidence supporting full alignment with institutional principles and guidelines on Open Science and the Conservation and Dissemination of Intellectual Heritage. A clear example of this is:

    • The work has been submitted to a journal whose editorial policy allows open Open Access publication.
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    Leadership analysis of institutional authors

    This work has been carried out with international collaboration, specifically with researchers from: Chile; United Kingdom.

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