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Analysis of institutional authors

Munoz-Medina, BelenCorresponding AuthorLara-Galera, AntonioAuthorGalindo-Aires, RubenAuthor

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February 16, 2025
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Article

Contribution to the knowledge of early geotechnics during the 20th century: Laurits Bjerrum

Publicated to: History of Geo- and Space Sciences. 16 (1): 1-12 - 2025-02-03 16(1), DOI: 10.5194/hgss-16-1-2025

Authors:

Guillan-Llorente, Gonzalo; Munoz-Medina, Belen; Lara-Galera, Antonio; Galindo-Aires, Ruben
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Affiliations

Univ Politecn Madrid, Tech Sch Civil Engn, Madrid 28040, Spain - Author

Abstract

The founder of soil mechanics, Karl Terzaghi, took the initiative in 1954 to contact the Danish engineer Laurits Bjerrum, requesting to meet. Terzaghi wanted to meet the engineer who had written a paper on the stability of the unusual Norwegian quick clays at the European Slope Congress in Stockholm. Bjerrum was 36 years old at the time, had a PhD and was already director of the NGI (Norges Geotekniske Institutt - Norwegian Geotechnical Institute). From his position as director of the NGI, he was actively involved in many varied consultancies, placing great value on the continuous interaction between practice and research. Bjerrum's strategy for establishing the NGI came from the experience of other research centres such as the BRS (Building Research Station) in Great Britain and Imperial College London. In addition, having lived through the Nazi occupation of Denmark, he was predisposed to be against the misuse of authority and established an open structure for the institute from its inception. Bjerrum was in close contact with the Norwegian Institution of Technology, and, in 1952, he succeeded in getting soil mechanics incorporated as a compulsory subject in the civil engineering degree. Subsequently, in 1960, the Chair of Soil Mechanics and Foundation Engineering was established. The first laboratory of this chair was equipped with material donated by the NGI. Bjerrum died young (54 years old), but he had built an excellent reputation through his work at the NGI and his contributions to international conferences, where he maintained a close relationship with the significant figures in geotechnics: Terzaghi, Skempton, Peck and Casagrande. He made regular trips to the USA, where he was a visiting professor at MIT (Massachusetts Institute of Technology) and received the highest international decorations.
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Quality index

Bibliometric impact. Analysis of the contribution and dissemination channel

The work has been published in the journal History of Geo- and Space Sciences, and although the journal is classified in the quartile Q3 (Agencia WoS (JCR)), its regional focus and specialization in History & Philosophy of Science, give it significant recognition in a specific niche of scientific knowledge at an international level.

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Impact and social visibility

From the perspective of influence or social adoption, and based on metrics associated with mentions and interactions provided by agencies specializing in calculating the so-called "Alternative or Social Metrics," we can highlight as of 2026-04-27:

With a more dissemination-oriented intent and targeting more general audiences, we can observe other more global scores such as:

    It is essential to present evidence supporting full alignment with institutional principles and guidelines on Open Science and the Conservation and Dissemination of Intellectual Heritage. A clear example of this is:

    • The work has been submitted to a journal whose editorial policy allows open Open Access publication.
    • Additionally, the work has been submitted to a journal classified as Diamond in relation to this type of editorial policy.
    • Assignment of a Handle/URN as an identifier within the deposit in the Institutional Repository: https://oa.upm.es/93952/

    As a result of the publication of the work in the institutional repository, statistical usage data has been obtained that reflects its impact. In terms of dissemination, we can state that, as of

    • Views: 26
    • Downloads: 10
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    Leadership analysis of institutional authors

    There is a significant leadership presence as some of the institution’s authors appear as the first or last signer, detailed as follows: First Author (Guillan-Llorente, Gonzalo) and Last Author (GALINDO AIRES, RUBEN ANGEL).

    the author responsible for correspondence tasks has been MUÑOZ MEDINA, MARIA BELEN.

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    Project objectives

    La aportación persigue los siguientes objetivos: analizar la trayectoria profesional y científica de Laurits Bjerrum en el contexto de la geotecnia temprana durante el siglo XX; evaluar su papel como director del Norges Geotekniske Institutt (NGI) y su estrategia para establecer el instituto basada en experiencias internacionales; determinar su influencia en la incorporación de la mecánica de suelos como materia obligatoria en la ingeniería civil en Noruega en 1952; caracterizar su contribución a la creación de la Cátedra de Mecánica de Suelos e Ingeniería de Cimentaciones en 1960; examinar su relación con figuras clave de la geotecnia como Terzaghi, Skempton, Peck y Casagrande; y valorar su impacto internacional a través de su actividad docente en el MIT y los reconocimientos recibidos.
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    Most relevant results

    Los resultados más relevantes de esta aportación destacan la influencia de Laurits Bjerrum en la consolidación de la geotecnia temprana durante el siglo XX. En primer lugar, Bjerrum, a los 36 años y como director del NGI, promovió la interacción continua entre la práctica y la investigación en geotecnia. En segundo lugar, estableció una estructura abierta en el NGI, inspirada en centros británicos como el BRS y el Imperial College, y fomentó la incorporación de la mecánica de suelos como materia obligatoria en la ingeniería civil en 1952. Además, en 1960 se creó la Cátedra de Mecánica de Suelos y Cimentaciones, equipada con material donado por el NGI. Finalmente, mantuvo estrechas relaciones internacionales, siendo profesor visitante en MIT y recibiendo altas distinciones.
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