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Article

Origin and biodegradation of crude oils from the northernmost fields in the bolivar coastal complex (Zulia State, Venezuela)

Publicated to:Energies. 13 (21): - 2020-01-01 13(21), DOI: 10.3390/en13215615

Authors: Escobar M; Márquez G; Guerrero B; Marín P; Boente C; Bernardo-Sánchez A; Romero E; Permanyer A

Affiliations

Abstract

The organic geochemical features of 30 sampled oils from the northern Bolivar Coastal Complex (Lake Maracaibo Basin, NW Venezuela) were examined by combining carbon isotope, classical biomarker, and extended diamondoid analyses to clarify source facies and to assess the thermal maturity and extent of biodegradation of the oils analyzed. In this work, oils are understood as a mixture of two episodes of petroleum generation from the La Luna Formation: a paleobiodegraded oil pulse during Paleogene times and a late pulse having a higher maturity in the post-Oligocene. For the oil samples analyzed, results revealed a mixing composed of different proportions of almost a terrestrially derived siliciclastic-sourced and a purely marine carbonate-sourced oil pulse. Moreover, two main groups of oils were identified by means of hierarchical cluster analysis. Finally, inter- and intrafield variations in the extent of biodegradation were also assessed using two classification schemes (Peters and Moldowan, and Manco scales). © 2020 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland.

Keywords

BiodegradationBiodegradation scalesBolivar coastal complexCarbon isotopesClassification schemeDifferent proportionsGeochemical featuresHierarchical clusteringHierarchical systemsLa luna formationMarine carbonatesMixed oilsOil fieldsPetroleum generationQeda analysisSource faciesThermal maturity

Quality index

Bibliometric impact. Analysis of the contribution and dissemination channel

The work has been published in the journal Energies due to its progression and the good impact it has achieved in recent years, according to the agency Scopus (SJR), it has become a reference in its field. In the year of publication of the work, 2020, it was in position , thus managing to position itself as a Q2 (Segundo Cuartil), in the category Control and Optimization. Notably, the journal is positioned en el Cuartil Q3 for the agency WoS (JCR) in the category Energy & Fuels.

Independientemente del impacto esperado determinado por el canal de difusión, es importante destacar el impacto real observado de la propia aportación.

Según las diferentes agencias de indexación, el número de citas acumuladas por esta publicación hasta la fecha 2025-06-03:

  • Scopus: 2
  • OpenCitations: 2

Impact and social visibility

From the perspective of influence or social adoption, and based on metrics associated with mentions and interactions provided by agencies specializing in calculating the so-called "Alternative or Social Metrics," we can highlight as of 2025-06-03:

  • The use, from an academic perspective evidenced by the Altmetric agency indicator referring to aggregations made by the personal bibliographic manager Mendeley, gives us a total of: 17.
  • The use of this contribution in bookmarks, code forks, additions to favorite lists for recurrent reading, as well as general views, indicates that someone is using the publication as a basis for their current work. This may be a notable indicator of future more formal and academic citations. This claim is supported by the result of the "Capture" indicator, which yields a total of: 17 (PlumX).

With a more dissemination-oriented intent and targeting more general audiences, we can observe other more global scores such as:

  • The Total Score from Altmetric: 1.
  • The number of mentions on the social network X (formerly Twitter): 2 (Altmetric).

It is essential to present evidence supporting full alignment with institutional principles and guidelines on Open Science and the Conservation and Dissemination of Intellectual Heritage. A clear example of this is:

  • The work has been submitted to a journal whose editorial policy allows open Open Access publication.

Leadership analysis of institutional authors

This work has been carried out with international collaboration, specifically with researchers from: Venezuela.