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JABM and IGC were supported by a grant provided by Universidad Politecnica de Madrid. RC was supported by a grant for the Requalification of the Spanish University System 2021-2023 from the Spanish Ministry of Universities (RD 289/2021), funded by the European Union-NextGenerationEU.

Analysis of institutional authors

Benítez-Muñoz, José AntonioCorresponding AuthorGuisado-Cuadrado, IsabelAuthorRojo-Tirado, Miguel AngelAuthorRomero-Parra, NuriaAuthorPeinado, Ana BelenAuthorCupeiro, RocioCorresponding Author

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Article

Females have better metabolic flexibility in different metabolically challenging stimuli

Publicated to:Applied Physiology Nutrition And Metabolism. 50 217- - 2025-01-01 50(), DOI: 10.1139/apnm-2024-0217

Authors: Benitez-Munoz, Jose Antonio; Guisado-Cuadrado, Isabel; Rojo-Tirado, Miguel Angel; Alcocer-Ayuga, Maria; Romero-Parra, Nuria; Peinado, Ana Belen; Cupeiro, Rocio

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Abstract

The first aim was to explore the difference in metabolic flexibility between sexes in response to changing exercise intensity under control conditions. The second aim was to evaluate metabolic flexibility between sexes in response to exercise intensity adding two different metabolically challenging stimuli (glycogen depletion and heat). Eleven males (22 +/- 3 years, 176.2 +/- 4 cm, 68.4 +/- 4.9 kg, and 60.2 +/- 4.1 mL/kg FFM/min) and nine females (22 +/- 2 years, 166.7 +/- 4.5 cm, 61.9 +/- 2.9 kg, and 64.2 +/- 5.6 mL/kg FFM/min) performed a maximal incremental exercise test (30 W every 3 min) on a cycle ergometer under three conditions: control (24 h high-carbohydrate diet followed by the incremental test), glycogen depletion (glycogen-depletion protocol followed by 24 h low-carbohydrate diet and then the incremental test), and heat (24 h high-carbohydrate diet followed by 30 min passive heating and then the incremental test in heat). In the last minute of each step, lactate was analysed, fat (FATox/FFM) and carbohydrate oxidation (CHox/FFM), and energy expenditure (EE/FFM) normalized to fat-free mass (FFM) was estimated by indirect calorimetry. Females presented a greater FATox/FFM as exercise intensity increases across conditions (control, glycogen depletion, and heat) (p = 0.006). In contrast, CHox/FFM was not significantly different between sexes at any specific intensity across conditions (p > 0.05). Consequently, EE/FFM was higher in females throughout the different intensities across conditions (p = 0.002). Finally, lactate concentration was not different between sexes at the same intensities across conditions (p = 0.87). In conclusion, females present a greater metabolic flexibility, due to the higher FATox/FFM throughout the different intensities, regardless of whether the test is performed in conditions emphasizing the oxidative pathway (glycogen depletion) or the glycolytic pathway (heat). Clinical trials: NCT05703100

Keywords

AdultBloodBody compositionCarbohydrate intakeDiet, carbohydrate-restrictedDietary carbohydratesEnergy metabolismExerciseExercise testFat oxidation ratesFemaleGlycogenHigh temperatureHot temperatureHumanHumansHyperthermiaLactatLactic acidLow carbohydrate availabilityLow carbohydrate dietMaleMetabolismOxygen consumptionPhysiologySeSexSex factorSex factorsSubstrate oxidationWomenYoung adult

Quality index

Bibliometric impact. Analysis of the contribution and dissemination channel

The work has been published in the journal Applied Physiology Nutrition And Metabolism due to its progression and the good impact it has achieved in recent years, according to the agency Scopus (SJR), it has become a reference in its field. In the year of publication of the work, 2025, it was in position , thus managing to position itself as a Q1 (Primer Cuartil), in the category Medicine (Miscellaneous).

Independientemente del impacto esperado determinado por el canal de difusión, es importante destacar el impacto real observado de la propia aportación.

Según las diferentes agencias de indexación, el número de citas acumuladas por esta publicación hasta la fecha 2025-05-31:

  • WoS: 1
  • Scopus: 1

Impact and social visibility

From the perspective of influence or social adoption, and based on metrics associated with mentions and interactions provided by agencies specializing in calculating the so-called "Alternative or Social Metrics," we can highlight as of 2025-05-31:

  • The use, from an academic perspective evidenced by the Altmetric agency indicator referring to aggregations made by the personal bibliographic manager Mendeley, gives us a total of: 12.
  • The use of this contribution in bookmarks, code forks, additions to favorite lists for recurrent reading, as well as general views, indicates that someone is using the publication as a basis for their current work. This may be a notable indicator of future more formal and academic citations. This claim is supported by the result of the "Capture" indicator, which yields a total of: 10 (PlumX).

With a more dissemination-oriented intent and targeting more general audiences, we can observe other more global scores such as:

  • The Total Score from Altmetric: 1.5.
  • The number of mentions on the social network Facebook: 1 (Altmetric).
  • The number of mentions on the social network X (formerly Twitter): 3 (Altmetric).

Leadership analysis of institutional authors

There is a significant leadership presence as some of the institution’s authors appear as the first or last signer, detailed as follows: First Author (BENITEZ MUÑOZ, JOSE ANTONIO) and Last Author (CUPEIRO COTO, ROCIO).

the authors responsible for correspondence tasks have been BENITEZ MUÑOZ, JOSE ANTONIO and CUPEIRO COTO, ROCIO.