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April 12, 2025
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Swift-BAT GUANO Follow-up of Gravitational-wave Triggers in the Third LIGO-Virgo-KAGRA Observing Run

Publicated to: Astrophysical Journal. 980 (2): 207- - 2025-02-20 980(2), DOI: 10.3847/1538-4357/ad9749

Authors: Raman, Gayathri; Ronchini, Samuele; Delaunay, James; Tohuvavohu, Aaron; Kennea, Jamie A; Parsotan, Tyler; Ambrosi, Elena; Bernardini, Maria Grazia; Campana, Sergio; Cusumano, Giancarlo; D'Ai, Antonino; D'Avanzo, Paolo; D'Elia, Valerio; De Pasquale, Massimiliano; Dichiara, Simone; Evans, Phil; Hartmann, Dieter; Kuin, Paul; Melandri, Andrea; O'Brien, Paul; Osborne, Julian P; Page, Kim; Palmer, David M; Sbarufatti, Boris; Tagliaferri, Gianpiero; Troja, Eleonora; Abac, A G; Abbott, R; Abe, H; Abouelfettouh, I; Acernese, F; Ackley, K; Adamcewicz, C; Adhicary, S; Adhikari, N; Adhikari, R X; Adkins, V K; Adya, V B; Affeldt, C; Agarwal, D; Agathos, M; Aguiar, O D; Aguilar, I; Aiello, L; Ain, A; Akutsu, T; Albanesi, S; Alfaidi, R A; Al-Jodah, A; Allene, C; Allocca, A; Al-Shammari, S; Altin, P A; Alvarez-Lopez, S; Amato, A; Amez-Droz, L; Amorosi, A; Amra, C; Anand, S; Ananyeva, A; Anderson, S B; Anderson, W G; Andia, M; Ando, M; Andrade, T; Andres, N; Andres-Carcasona, M; Andric, T; Anglin, J; Ansoldi, S; Antelis, J M; Antier, S; Aoumi, M; Appavuravther, E Z; Appert, S; Apple, S K; Arai, K; Araya, A; Araya, M C; Areeda, J S; Aritomi, N; Armato, F; Arnaud, N; Arogeti, M; Aronson, S M; Ashton, G; Aso, Y; Assiduo, M; Melo, S Assis de Souza; Aston, S M; Astone, P; Aubin, F; AultONeal, K; Avallone, G; Babak, S; Badaracco, F; Badger, C; Bae, S; Bagnasco, S; Bagui, E; Bai, Y; Baier, J G; Bajpai, R; Baka, T; Ball, M; Ballardin, G; Ballmer, S W; Banagiri, S; Banerjee, B; Bankar, D; Baral, P; Barayoga, J C; Barish, B C; Barker, D; Barneo, P; Barone, F; Barr, B; Barsotti, L; Barsuglia, M; Barta, D; Barthelmy, S D; Barton, M A; Bartos, I; Basak, S; Basalaev, A; Bassiri, R; Basti, A; Bawaj, M; Baxi, P; Bayley, J C; Baylor, A C; Bazzan, M; Becsy, B; Bedakihale, V M; Beirnaert, F; Bejger, M; Belardinelli, D; Bell, A S; Benedetto, V; Beniwal, D; Benoit, W; Bentley, J D; Ben Yaala, M; Bera, S; Berbel, M; Bergamin, F; Berger, B K; Bernuzzi, S; Beroiz, M; Berry, C P L; Bersanetti, D; Bertolini, A; Betzwieser, J; Beveridge, D; Bevins, N; Bhandare, R; Bhardwaj, U; Bhatt, R; Bhattacharjee, D; Bhaumik, S; Bhowmick, S; Bianchi, A; Bilenko, I A; Billingsley, G; Binetti, A; Bini, S; Birnholtz, O; Biscoveanu, S; Bisht, A; Bitossi, M; Bizouard, M -A; Blackburn, J K; Blair, C D; Blair, D G; Bobba, F; Bode, N; Bogaert, G; Boileau, G; Boldrini, M; Bolingbroke, G N; Bolliand, A; Bonavena, L D; Bondarescu, R; Bondu, F; Bonilla, E; Bonilla, M S; Bonino, A; Bonnand, R; Booker, P; Borchers, A; Boschi, V; Bose, S; Bossilkov, V; Boudart, V; Boumerdassi, A; Bozzi, A; Bradaschia, C; Brady, P R; Braglia, M; Branch, A; Branchesi, M; Breschi, M; Briant, T; Brillet, A; Brinkmann, M; Brockill, P; Brockmueller, E; Brooks, A F; Brown, D D; Brozzetti, M L; Brunett, S; Bruno, G; Bruntz, R; Bryant, J; Bucci, F; Buchanan, J; Bulashenko, O; Bulik, T; Bulten, H J; Buonanno, A; Burtnyk, K; Buscicchio, R; Buskulic, D; Buy, C; Byer, R L; Davies, G S Cabourn; Cabras, G; Cabrita, R; Cadonati, L; Cagnoli, G; Cahillane, C; 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Affiliations

Acad Sinica, Inst Phys, 128 Sec 2,Acad Rd, Taipei 11529, Taiwan - Author
Agenzia Spaziale Italiana ASI, Space Sci Data Ctr SSDC, I-00133 Rome, Italy - Author
Aix Marseille Univ, 58 Blvd Charles Livon, F-13007 Marseille, France - Author
Aix Marseille Univ, CNRS, Cent Marseille, Inst Fresnel, F-13013 Marseille, France - Author
Amer Univ, Washington, DC 20016 USA - Author
Aoyama Gakuin Univ, Dept Phys Sci, 5-10-1 Fuchinobe, Sagamihara, Kanagawa 2525258, Japan - Author
Ariel Univ, Ramat HaGolan St 65, Ariel, Israel - Author
Aristotle Univ Thessaloniki, Dept Phys, Thessaloniki 54124, Greece - Author
Australian Natl Univ, OzGrav, Canberra, ACT 0200, Australia - Author
Bar Ilan Univ, IL-5290002 Ramat Gan, Israel - Author
Barcelona Inst Sci & Technol, Inst Fis Altes Energies IFAE, Campus UAB, E-08193 Bellaterra, Barcelona, Spain - Author
Bard Coll, Annandale on Hudson, NY 12504 USA - Author
Beijing Normal Univ, Dept Astron, Xinjiekouwai St 19, Beijing 100875, Peoples R China - Author
Bellevue Coll, Bellevue, WA 98007 USA - Author
Calif State Univ Fullerton, Fullerton, CA 92831 USA - Author
Calif State Univ Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90032 USA - Author
CALTECH, CaRT, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA - Author
CALTECH, LIGO Lab, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA - Author
Cardiff Univ, Cardiff CF24 3AA, Wales - Author
Carleton Coll, Northfield, MN 55057 USA - Author
Catholic Univ Louvain, B-1348 Louvain La Neuve, Belgium - Author
Chapman Univ, Inst Quantum Studies, 1 Univ Dr, Orange, CA 92866 USA - Author
Charles Sturt Univ, OzGrav, Wagga Wagga, NSW 2678, Australia - Author
Chennai Math Inst, Chennai 603103, Tamil Nadu, India - Author
Chinese Acad Sci, Natl Astron Observ, 20A Datun Rd, Beijing, Peoples R China - Author
Chinese Acad Sci, Shanghai Astron Observ, 80 Nandan Rd, Shanghai 200030, Peoples R China - Author
Chinese Univ Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong, Peoples R China - Author
Christopher Newport Univ, Newport News, VA 23606 USA - Author
Chung Ang Univ, Seoul 06974, South Korea - Author
Chungnam Natl Univ, Dept Astron & Space Sci, 9 Daehak Ro, Daejeon 34134, South Korea - Author
Clemson Univ, Kinard Lab Phys, Dept Phys & Astron, Clemson, SC 29634 USA - Author
CNR SPIN, I-84084 Salerno, Italy - Author
Colorado State Univ, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA - Author
Columbia Univ, New York, NY 10027 USA - Author
Concordia Univ Wisconsin, Mequon, WI 53097 USA - Author
Consiglio Nazl Ric Ist Sistemi Complessi, I-00185 Rome, Italy - Author
Cornell Univ, Ithaca, NY 14850 USA - Author
CSIR Cent Glass & Ceram Res Inst, Kolkata 700032, W Bengal, India - Author
Ctr Natl Rech Sci, F-75016 Paris, France - Author
Ctr Res & Dev Math & Applicat, P-3810183 Aveiro, Portugal - Author
Ctr Studi & Ric Enrico Fermi, I-00184 Rome, Italy - Author
Directorate Construct Serv & Estate Management, Mumbai 400094, Maharashtra, India - Author
Eindhoven Univ Technol, NL-5600 MB Eindhoven, Netherlands - Author
Embry Riddle Aeronaut Univ, Prescott, AZ 86301 USA - Author
Eotvos Lorand Univ, H-1117 Budapest, Hungary - Author
European Gravitat Observ EGO, I-56021 Pisa, Italy - Author
Ewha Womans Univ, Seoul 03760, South Korea - Author
Flatiron Inst, Ctr Computat Astrophys, New York, NY 10010 USA - Author
Friedrich Schiller Univ Jena, Theoret Phys Inst, D-07743 Jena, Germany - Author
Fukuoka Univ, Dept Appl Phys, 8-19-1 Nanakuma, Fukuoka, Fukuoka 8140180, Japan - Author
Georgia Inst Technol, Atlanta, GA 30332 USA - Author
Goethe Univ Frankfurt, Inst Theoret Phys, Max von Laue Str 1, D-60438 Frankfurt, Germany - Author
Grad Univ Adv Studies SOKENDAI, 2-21-1 Osawa, Mitaka, Tokyo 1818588, Japan - Author
Gran Sasso Sci Inst GSSI, I-67100 Laquila, Italy - Author
Gunma Univ, Grad Sch Sci & Technol, 4-2 Aramaki, Maebashi, Gunma 3718510, Japan - Author
High Energy Accelerator Res Org KEK, Inst Particle & Nucl Studies IPNS, 1-1 Oho, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 3050801, Japan - Author
Hobart & William Smith Coll, Geneva, NY 14456 USA - Author
INAF Osservatorio Astron Roma, Via Frascati 33, I-00040 Monte Porzio Catone, RM, Italy - Author
INAF, IASF Palermo, Via Ugo La Malfa 153, Palermo Pa, Italy - Author
INAF, Osservatorio Astrofis & Sci Spazio, I-40129 Bologna, Italy - Author
INAF, Osservatorio Astrofis Arcetri, I-50125 Florence, Italy - Author
INAF, Osservatorio Astron Brera Sede Merate, I-23807 Merate, Lecco, Italy - Author
INAF, Osservatorio Astron Brera, Via E Bianchi 46, I-23807 Merate, Italy - Author
INAF, Osservatorio Astron Brera, Via E Bianchi 46, I-23807 Merate, LC, Italy - Author
INAF, Osservatorio Astron Capodimonte, I-80131 Naples, Italy - Author
INAF, Osservatorio Astron Padova, I-35122 Padua, Italy - Author
INAF, Osservatorio Astron Roma, Via Frascati 33, I-00040 Monte Porzio Catone, Italy - Author
Indian Inst Sci Educ & Res, Mohanpur 741252, W Bengal, India - Author
Indian Inst Sci Educ & Res, Pune 411008, Maharashtra, India - Author
Indian Inst Technol Hyderabad, Khandi 502285, Telangana, India - Author
Indian Inst Technol Madras, Chennai 600036, Tamil Nadu, India - Author
Indian Inst Technol, Gandhinagar 382355, Gujarat, India - Author
Indian Inst Technol, Mumbai 400076, Maharashtra, India - Author
INFN Sez Torino, I-10125 Turin, Italy - Author
INFN, Grp Collegato Parma, Sez Milano Bicocca, I-43124 Parma, Italy - Author
INFN, Lab Nazl Gran Sasso, I-67100 Assergi, Italy - Author
INFN, Lab Nazl Sud, I-95125 Catania, Italy - Author
INFN, Sez Firenze, I-50019 Florence, Italy - Author
INFN, Sez Genova, I-16146 Genoa, Italy - Author
INFN, Sez Milano Bicocca, I-20126 Milan, Italy - Author
INFN, Sez Napoli, Grp Collegato Salerno, I-80126 Naples, Italy - Author
INFN, Sez Napoli, I-80126 Naples, Italy - Author
INFN, Sez Napoli, I-82100 Naples, Italy - Author
INFN, Sez Padova, I-35131 Padua, Italy - Author
INFN, Sez Perugia, I-06123 Perugia, Italy - Author
INFN, Sez Pisa, I-56127 Pisa, Italy - Author
INFN, Sez Roma Tor Vergata, I-00133 Rome, Italy - Author
INFN, Sez Roma Tre, I-00146 Rome, Italy - Author
INFN, Sez Roma, I-00185 Rome, Italy - Author
INFN, Sez Trieste, I-34127 Trieste, Italy - Author
INFN, Trento Inst Fundamental Phys & Applicat, I-38123 Povo, Trento, Italy - Author
Inje Univ Gimhae, South Gyeongsang 50834, South Korea - Author
Inst Catalana Recerca & Estudis Avancats ICREA, Passeig de Lluis Companys 23, Barcelona 08010, Spain - Author
Inst Estudis Espacials Catalunya, C Gran Capita 2-4, Barcelona 08034, Spain - Author
Inst Hautes Etud Sci, F-91440 Bures Sur Yvette, France - Author
Inst Nacl Pesquisas Espaciais, BR-12227010 Sao Jose Dos Campos, SP, Brazil - Author
Inst Nucl Res, H-4026 Debrecen, Hungary - Author
Inst Plasma Res, Bhat 382428, Gandhinagar, India - Author
Interuniv Ctr Astron & Astrophys, Pune 411007, Maharashtra, India - Author
Ist Astrofis & Planetol Spaziali Roma, I-00133 Rome, Italy - Author
Katholieke Univ Leuven, Oude Markt 13, B-3000 Leuven, Belgium - Author
Kenyon Coll, Gambier, OH 43022 USA - Author
Korea Astron & Space Sci Inst, Daejeon 34055, South Korea - Author
Korea Inst Sci & Technol Informat, Daejeon 34141, South Korea - Author
Kyoto Univ, Dept Phys, Oiwake Cho,Sakyou Ku, Kyoto, Kyoto 6068502, Japan - Author
Kyoto Univ, Yukawa Inst Theoret Phys YITP, Kita Shirakawa Oiwake Cho,Sakyou Ku, Kyoto, Kyoto 6068502, Japan - Author
Lab MSME, Cite Descartes, 5 Blvd Descartes, F-77454 Marne La Vallee 2, France - Author
Lab Phys Corpusculaire Caen, 6 Blvd Marechal Juin, F-14050 Caen, France - Author
Leibniz Univ Hannover, D-30167 Hannover, Germany - Author
LIGO Hanford Observ, Richland, WA 99352 USA - Author
LIGO Livingston Observ, Livingston, LA 70754 USA - Author
Lomonosov Moscow State Univ, Moscow 119991, Russia - Author
Los Alamos Natl Lab, POB 1663, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA - Author
Louisiana State Univ, Baton Rouge, LA 70803 USA - Author
Maastricht Univ, NL-6200 MD Maastricht, Netherlands - Author
Marquette Univ, Milwaukee, WI 53233 USA - Author
Max Planck Inst Gravitat Phys, Albert Einstein Inst, D-14476 Potsdam, Germany - Author
Max Planck Inst Gravitat Phys, Albert Einstein Inst, D-30167 Hannover, Germany - Author
Missouri Univ Sci & Technol, Rolla, MO 65409 USA - Author
MIT, LIGO Lab, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA - Author
Monash Univ, Sch Phys & Astron, OzGrav, Clayton, Vic 3800, Australia - Author
Montana State Univ, Bozeman, MT 59717 USA - Author
Montclair State Univ, Montclair, NJ 07043 USA - Author
Museo Stor Fis, I-00184 Rome, Italy - Author
Nagaoka Coll, Natl Inst Technol, Dept Elect Control Engn, 888 Nishikatakai, Nagaoka, Niigata 9408532, Japan - Author
Nagoya Univ, Dept Phys, ES Bldg,Furocho,Chikusa Ku, Nagoya, Aichi 4648602, Japan - Author
Nantes Univ, Subatech, CNRS, IN2P3 IMT Atlantique, 4 Rue Alfred Kastler BP 20722, F-44307 Nantes 03, France - Author
NAS Marshall Space Flight Ctr, Huntsville, AL 35811 USA - Author
NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Astrophys Sci Div, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA - Author
NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA - Author
Natl Astron Observ Japan, Adv Technol Ctr, 2-21-1 Osawa, Mitaka, Tokyo 1818588, Japan - Author
Natl Astron Observ Japan, Gravitat Wave Sci Project, 2-21-1 Osawa, Mitaka, Tokyo 1818588, Japan - Author
Natl Astron Observ Japan, Kamioka Branch, 238 Higashi Mozumi,Kamioka Cho, Hida City, Gifu 5061205, Japan - Author
Natl Cent Univ, Taoyuan 320317, Taiwan - Author
Natl Cheng Kung Univ, Dept Phys, 1 Univ Rd, Tainan 701, Taiwan - Author
Natl Ctr High Performance Comp, Natl Appl Res Labs, 7,R&D 6th Rd,Hsinchu Sci Pk, Hsinchu 30076, Taiwan - Author
Natl Ctr Nucl Res, PL-05400 Otwock, Poland - Author
Natl Def Acad Japan, Dept Commun Engn, 1-10-20 Hashirimizu, Yokosuka, Kanagawa 2398686, Japan - Author
Natl Inst Math Sci, Daejeon 34047, South Korea - Author
Natl Inst Technol, Fukui Coll, Geshi Cho,Sabae Shi, Fukui, Fukui 9168507, Japan - Author
Natl Tsing Hua Univ, Hsinchu 30013, Taiwan - Author
Natl Yang Ming Chiao Tung Univ, Dept Electrophys, 101 Univ St, Hsinchu, Taiwan - Author
Nihon Univ, Coll Ind Technol, 1-2-1 Izumi, Narashino, Chiba 2758575, Japan - Author
Niigata Univ, Fac Engn, 8050 Ikarashi 2 No Cho,Nishi Ku, Niigata, Niigata 9502181, Japan - Author
Niigata Univ, Grad Sch Sci & Technol, 8050 Ikarashi 2 No Cho,Nishi Ku, Niigata, Niigata 9502181, Japan - Author
Nikhef, NL-1098 XG Amsterdam, Netherlands - Author
Northwestern Univ, Evanston, IL 60208 USA - Author
Observ Paris, F-75014 Paris, France - Author
Observ Paris, Lab Univers & Theories, F-92190 Meudon, France - Author
Open Univ Japan, Niigata Study Ctr, 754 Ichibancho,Chuo Ku, Niigata, Niigata 9518122, Japan - Author
Osaka Inst Technol, Fac Informat Sci & Technol, 1-79-1 Kitayama, Hirakata, Osaka 5730196, Japan - Author
Osaka Metropolitan Univ, Grad Sch Sci, Dept Phys, 3-3-138 Sugimoto Cho,Sumiyoshi Ku, Osaka, Osaka 5588585, Japan - Author
Osaka Metropolitan Univ, Nambu Yoichiro Inst Theoret & Expt Phys NITEP, 3-3-138 Sugimoto Cho,Sumiyoshi Ku, Osaka, Osaka 5588585, Japan - Author
Peking Univ, Kavli Inst Astron & Astrophys, Yiheyuan Rd 5, Beijing 100871, Peoples R China - Author
Penn State Univ, Dept Astron & Astrophys, Davey Lab 525, University Pk, PA 16802 USA - Author
Penn State Univ, University Pk, PA 16802 USA - Author
Perimeter Inst, Waterloo, ON N2L 2Y5, Canada - Author
Polish Acad Sci, Inst Math, PL-00656 Warsaw, Poland - Author
Polish Acad Sci, Nicolaus Copernicus Astron Ctr, PL-00716 Warsaw, Poland - Author
Queen Mary Univ London, London E1 4NS, England - Author
RMKI, Wigner RCP, H-1121 Budapest, Hungary - Author
Rochester Inst Technol, Rochester, NY 14623 USA - Author
Royal Holloway Univ London, London TW20 0EX, England - Author
RRCAT, Indore 452013, Madhya Pradesh, India - Author
Rutherford Appleton Lab, Didcot OX11 0DE, Oxon, England - Author
Ryukoku Univ, Fac Law, 67 Fukakusa Tsukamoto Cho,Fushimi Ku, Kyoto, Kyoto 6128577, Japan - Author
Scuola Normale Super Pisa, I-56126 Pisa, Italy - Author
Sejong Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, 209 Neungdong Ro, Seoul 143747, South Korea - Author
Seoul Natl Univ, Seoul 08826, South Korea - Author
Sorbonne Univ, Inst Astrophys Paris, CNRS, UMR 7095, F-75014 Paris, France - Author
Stanford Univ, Stanford, CA 94305 USA - Author
Sungkyunkwan Univ, Seoul 03063, South Korea - Author
SUNY Stony Brook, Stony Brook, NY 11794 USA - Author
Swinburne Univ Technol, OzGrav, Hawthorn, Vic 3122, Australia - Author
Syracuse Univ, Syracuse, NY 13244 USA - Author
Tamkang Univ, Dept Phys, 151 Yingzhuan Rd, New Taipei 25137, Taiwan - Author
Tata Inst Fundamental Res, Int Ctr Theoret Sci, Bengaluru 560089, India - Author
Tata Inst Fundamental Res, Mumbai 400005, Maharashtra, India - Author
Texas A&M Univ, College Stn, TX 77843 USA - Author
Texas Tech Univ, Lubbock, TX 79409 USA - Author
Toho Univ, Fac Sci, 2-2-1 Miyama, Funabashi, Chiba 2748510, Japan - Author
Tokyo City Univ, Res Ctr Space Sci, Adv Res Labs, 8-15-1 Todoroki, Tokyo, Tokyo 1580082, Japan - Author
Tokyo Inst Technol, Grad Sch Sci, 2-12-1 Ookayama,Meguro Ku, Tokyo 1528551, Japan - Author
Tongji Univ, Sch Phys Sci & Engn, Shanghai 200092, Peoples R China - Author
Toyama Univ, Fac Sci, 3190 Gofuku, Toyama, Toyama 9308555, Japan - Author
Tsinghua Univ, Beijing 100084, Peoples R China - Author
Ulsan Natl Inst Sci & Technol UNIST, Dept Phys, 50 UNIST Gil, Ulsan 44919, South Korea - Author
Univ Adelaide, OzGrav, Adelaide, SA 5005, Australia - Author
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Abstract

We present results from a search for X-ray/gamma-ray counterparts of gravitational-wave (GW) candidates from the third observing run (O3) of the LIGO-Virgo-KAGRA network using the Swift Burst Alert Telescope (Swift-BAT). The search includes 636 GW candidates received with low latency, 86 of which have been confirmed by the offline analysis and included in the third cumulative Gravitational-Wave Transient Catalogs (GWTC-3). Targeted searches were carried out on the entire GW sample using the maximum-likelihood Non-imaging Transient Reconstruction and Temporal Search pipeline on the BAT data made available via the GUANO infrastructure. We do not detect any significant electromagnetic emission that is temporally and spatially coincident with any of the GW candidates. We report flux upper limits in the 15-350 keV band as a function of sky position for all the catalog candidates. For GW candidates where the Swift-BAT false alarm rate is less than 10(-3) Hz, we compute the GW-BAT joint false alarm rate. Finally, the derived Swift-BAT upper limits are used to infer constraints on the putative electromagnetic emission associated with binary black hole mergers.

Keywords

Compact binary mergersConstraintsElectromagnetic counterpartEmissioGamma-ray burstGw170817Hubble constantJoint fermi-gbmKilonovaSearch

Quality index

Bibliometric impact. Analysis of the contribution and dissemination channel

The work has been published in the journal Astrophysical Journal due to its progression and the good impact it has achieved in recent years, according to the agency WoS (JCR), it has become a reference in its field. In the year of publication of the work, 2025, it was in position 17/84, thus managing to position itself as a Q1 (Primer Cuartil), in the category Astronomy & Astrophysics.

Independientemente del impacto esperado determinado por el canal de difusión, es importante destacar el impacto real observado de la propia aportación.

Según las diferentes agencias de indexación, el número de citas acumuladas por esta publicación hasta la fecha 2025-12-05:

  • WoS: 2
  • Scopus: 2

Impact and social visibility

From the perspective of influence or social adoption, and based on metrics associated with mentions and interactions provided by agencies specializing in calculating the so-called "Alternative or Social Metrics," we can highlight as of 2025-12-05:

  • The use, from an academic perspective evidenced by the Altmetric agency indicator referring to aggregations made by the personal bibliographic manager Mendeley, gives us a total of: 8.
  • The use of this contribution in bookmarks, code forks, additions to favorite lists for recurrent reading, as well as general views, indicates that someone is using the publication as a basis for their current work. This may be a notable indicator of future more formal and academic citations. This claim is supported by the result of the "Capture" indicator, which yields a total of: 8 (PlumX).

With a more dissemination-oriented intent and targeting more general audiences, we can observe other more global scores such as:

  • The Total Score from Altmetric: 105.
  • The number of mentions in news outlets: 14 (Altmetric).

It is essential to present evidence supporting full alignment with institutional principles and guidelines on Open Science and the Conservation and Dissemination of Intellectual Heritage. A clear example of this is:

  • The work has been submitted to a journal whose editorial policy allows open Open Access publication.

Leadership analysis of institutional authors

This work has been carried out with international collaboration, specifically with researchers from: Australia; Belgium; Brazil; Canada; China; Colombia; Denmark; France; Georgia; Germany; Greece; Hong Kong; Hungary; India; Israel; Italy; Japan; Netherlands; Norway; Peru; Poland; Portugal; Republic of Korea; Russia; Switzerland; Taiwan; United Kingdom; United States of America.

Awards linked to the item

G. Raman, S. Ronchini, and J.A. Kennea acknowledge the support of NASA grants 80NSSC19K0408 and 80NSSC22K1498 awarded as part of the NASA Neil Gehrels Swift Observatory Guest Investigator program. J.A. Kennea and J. Delaunay acknowledge the support of NASA contract NAS5-0136. This material is based upon work supported by NSF's LIGO Laboratory, which is a major facility fully funded by the National Science Foundation. The authors also gratefully acknowledge the support of the Science and Technology Facilities Council (STFC) of the United Kingdom, the MaxPlanck-Society (MPS), and the State of Niedersachsen/Germany for support of the construction of Advanced LIGO and construction and operation of the GEO600 detector. Additional support for Advanced LIGO was provided by the Australian Research Council. The authors gratefully acknowledge the Italian Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare (INFN), the French Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS) and the Netherlands Organization for Scientific Research (NWO) for the construction and operation of the Virgo detector and the creation and support of the EGO consortium. The authors also gratefully acknowledge research support from these agencies as well as by the Council of Scientific and Industrial Research of India, the Department of Science and Technology, India, the Science & Engineering Research Board (SERB), India, the Ministry of Human Resource Development, India, the Spanish Agencia Estatal de Investigaci ALon (AEI), the Spanish Ministerio de Ciencia, Innovaci ALon y Universidades, the European Union NextGenerationEU/PRTR (PRTR-C17.I1), the ICSC -CentroNazionale di Ricerca in High Performance Computing, Big Data and Quantum Computing, funded by the European Union NextGenerationEU, the Comunitat Auton`oma de les Illes Balears through the Direcci ALo General de Recerca, Innovaci ALo i TransformaciALo Digital with funds from the Tourist Stay Tax Law ITS 2017-006, the Conselleria d'Economia, Hisenda i Innovaci AL o, the FEDER Operational Program 2021-2027 of the Balearic Islands, the Conselleria d'Innovaci AL o, Universitats, Ci`encia i Societat Digital de la Generalitat Valenciana and the CERCA Programme Generalitat de Catalunya, Spain, the Polish National Agency for Academic Exchange, the National Science Centre of Poland and the European Union -European Regional Development Fund; the Foundation for Polish Science (FNP), the Polish Ministry of Science and Higher Education, the Swiss National Science Foundation (SNSF), the Russian Science Foundation, the European Commission, the European Social Funds (ESF), the European Regional Development Funds (ERDF), the Royal Society, the Scottish Funding Council, the Scottish Universities Physics Alliance, the Hungarian Scientific Research Fund (OTKA), the French Lyon Institute of Origins (LIO), the Belgian Fonds de la Recherche Scientifique (FRS-FNRS), Actions de Recherche Concert ALees (ARC) and Fonds Wetenschappelijk Onderzoek -Vlaanderen (FWO), Belgium, the Paris Ile-de-France Region, the National Research, Development and Innovation Office of Hungary (NKFIH), the National Research Foundation of Korea, the Natural Science and Engineering Research Council of Canada (NSERC), the Canadian Foundation for Innovation (CFI), the Brazilian Ministry of Science, Technology, and Innovations, the International Center for Theoretical Physics South American Institute for Fundamental Research (ICTP-SAIFR), the Research Grants Council of Hong Kong, the National Natural Science Foundation of China (NSFC), the Israel Science Foundation (ISF), the US-Israel Binational Science Fund (BSF), the Leverhulme Trust, the Research Corporation, the National Science and Technology Council (NSTC), Taiwan, the United States Department of Energy, and the Kavli Foundation. The authors gratefully acknowledge the support of the NSF, STFC, INFN and CNRS for provision of computational resources. American Institute for Fundamental Research (ICTP-SAIFR), the Research Grants Council of Hong Kong, the National Natural Science Foundation of China (NSFC), the Israel Science Foundation (ISF), the US-Israel Binational Science Fund (BSF), the Leverhulme Trust, the Research Corporation, the National Science and Technology Council (NSTC), Taiwan, the United States Department of Energy, and the Kavli Foundation. The authors gratefully acknowledge the support of the NSF, STFC, INFN and CNRS for provision of computational resources. This work was supported by MEXT, the JSPS Leading-edge Research Infrastructure Program, JSPS Grantin-Aid for Specially Promoted Research 26000005, JSPS Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research on Innovative Areas 2905: JP17H06358, JP17H06361 and JP17H06364, JSPS Core-to-Core Program A, Advanced Research Networks, JSPS Grants-in-Aid for Scientific Research (S) 17H06133 and 20H05639, JSPS Grant-in-Aid for Transformative Research Areas (A) 20A203: JP20H05854, the joint research program of the Institute for Cosmic Ray Research, the University of Tokyo, the National Research Foundation (NRF), the Computing Infrastructure Project of Global Science experimental Data hub Center (GSDC) at KISTI, the Korea Astronomy and Space Science Institute (KASI), the Ministry of Science and ICT (MSIT) in Korea, Academia Sinica (AS), the AS Grid Center (ASGC) and the National Science and Technology Council (NSTC) in Taiwan under grants including the Rising Star Program and Science Vanguard Research Program, the Advanced Technology Center (ATC) of NAOJ, and the Mechanical Engineering Center of KEK.