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The PASOS study was funded by the PROBITAS Foundation (2019) and the Gasol Foundation (2019-2020). Additional funding was received from the Barca Foundation (2019-2020), Banco Santander (2019), IFA (2019-2020), Viena (2019), and the Fundacion Deporte Joven (2019) (no references apply). M.G.-G. is partially funded by the Carlos III Health Institute through the CIBEROBN CB12/03/30038, which is co-funded by the European Regional Development Fund. The ASOMAD project was funded through an agreement between the Madrid City Council and the Technical University of Madrid (P2011600362 and P2111600438) and with self-funding from the IMFINE research group. The PESCA project was financed with self-funding. This specific research has not received any targeted funding from public agencies, commercial sectors, or non-profit entities.

Analysis of institutional authors

Zarate-Osuna, FCorresponding AuthorZapico, A GAuthorGonzalez-Gross, MAuthor

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May 6, 2025
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Handgrip Strength in Children and Adolescents Aged 3 to 16 Years and Residing in Spain: New Reference Values

Publicated to:Children (Basel). 12 (4): 471- - 2025-04-06 12(4), DOI: 10.3390/children12040471

Authors: Zarate-Osuna, F; Zapico, A G; Gonzalez-Gross, M

Affiliations

Inst Hlth Carlos III, Ctr Invest Biomed Red Fisiopatol Obes & Nutr CIBER, Madrid 28029, Spain - Author
Quironsalud Sur Hosp, Pediat Dept, Alcorcon 28922, Spain - Author
Quironsalud Toledo Hosp, Pediat Dept, Toledo 45001, Spain - Author
Univ Politecn Madrid, INEF, Dept Hlth & Human Performance, ImFINE Res Grp,Fac Ciencias Act Fis & Deporte, Madrid 28040, Spain - Author

Abstract

Introduction: Handgrip strength, measured by dynamometry (HGD), is a key measure in assessing physical condition and nutritional status. Its correlation with anthropometric measures and body composition makes it an accessible method for the evaluation of cardiovascular health. This study aimed to develop a new reference for right-hand dynamometry in the Spanish population and compare it with previous references. Material and Methods: A total of 3281 subjects aged 3 to 16 years (1608 females) from the PESCA, PASOS, and ASOMAD projects were included. Handgrip strength was measured using the same methodology in all cases. Data on age, weight, height, and BMI were collected, and the handgrip strength per kilogram of body weight was calculated. Sexual dimorphism in the temporal development of strength was analyzed, and multiple correlations were established between dynamometry and anthropometric variables. Results: Percentile curves and tables for dynamometry are presented for each sex, including data from as early as 3 years old, for the first time. Conclusions: Sexual dimorphism in strength development is confirmed, becoming more pronounced with puberty. In absolute terms, our study shows a decrease in handgrip strength among adolescents, occurring earlier and more markedly in females. When compared to the previous literature, the 16-year-old male adolescents in our study exhibited lower strength than those from 40 and 16 years ago.

Keywords

Body compositioBody compositionChildhoodDynamometryFitnessGrip strengthHealtPhysical conditionStrength

Quality index

Bibliometric impact. Analysis of the contribution and dissemination channel

The work has been published in the journal Children (Basel) due to its progression and the good impact it has achieved in recent years, according to the agency WoS (JCR), it has become a reference in its field. In the year of publication of the work, 2025, it was in position 61/191, thus managing to position itself as a Q2 (Segundo Cuartil), in the category Pediatrics. Notably, the journal is positioned en el Cuartil Q2 para la agencia Scopus (SJR) en la categoría .

Impact and social visibility

From the perspective of influence or social adoption, and based on metrics associated with mentions and interactions provided by agencies specializing in calculating the so-called "Alternative or Social Metrics," we can highlight as of 2025-08-22:

  • The use of this contribution in bookmarks, code forks, additions to favorite lists for recurrent reading, as well as general views, indicates that someone is using the publication as a basis for their current work. This may be a notable indicator of future more formal and academic citations. This claim is supported by the result of the "Capture" indicator, which yields a total of: 14 (PlumX).

With a more dissemination-oriented intent and targeting more general audiences, we can observe other more global scores such as:

    It is essential to present evidence supporting full alignment with institutional principles and guidelines on Open Science and the Conservation and Dissemination of Intellectual Heritage. A clear example of this is:

    • The work has been submitted to a journal whose editorial policy allows open Open Access publication.

    Leadership analysis of institutional authors

    There is a significant leadership presence as some of the institution’s authors appear as the first or last signer, detailed as follows: First Author (ZÁRATE OSUNA, FERNANDO) and Last Author (GONZALEZ GROSS, MARIA MARCELA).

    the author responsible for correspondence tasks has been ZÁRATE OSUNA, FERNANDO.