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Analysis of institutional authors

Garcia, TomasAuthorKhamlichi, AbderrahimAuthorGarnacho, FernandoAuthorAlvarez, FernandoCorresponding Author

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June 3, 2025
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Dielectric Fundaments of k-Factor Function to Determine the Test Voltage of Lightning Impulses with Overshoot Used in the IEC 60060-1 and IEEE 4 Standards

Publicated to: IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON POWER DELIVERY. 40 (3): 1298-1304 - 2025-06-01 40(3), DOI: 10.1109/TPWRD.2025.3550571

Authors:

Garcia, Tomas; Khamlichi, Abderrahim; Garnacho, Fernando; Alvarez, Fernando
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Affiliations

Fdn Ind Promot FFII, High Voltage Technol Ctr, Lab Cent Oficial Electrotec, Madrid 28906, Spain - Author
Univ Politecn Madrid UPM, ETSIDI, Elect Engn Dept, Madrid 28012, Spain - Author
Univ Politecn Madrid UPM, ETSIDI, Madrid 28012, Spain - Author
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Abstract

The IEC 60060-1 (2010) and IEEE 4 (2013) Standards establish the k-factor function to determine the test voltage value of lightning impulses (LI) with superimposed oscillations. The test voltage function is included in these Standards to enable a more accurate and consistent determination of the test voltage and the time parameters, of LI with superimposed oscillations of any frequency content. The experimental k-factor function was determined by five research European institutes, but no dielectric fundaments were given to justify the k-factor function. This paper presents a specific study that was performed to validate the k-factor approach by checking its compatibility with the disruptive physic phenomenon. The same testing data used for determining the k-factor function for the air dielectric medium were used to determine the disruptive effect area model proposed by Kind in 1958. The results obtained ratify the compatibility between the k-factor function and the disruptive effect area model. The results presented in this paper are considered a valuable information for future research related to the test voltage k-factor function to improve the current International Standards.
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Keywords

Air gapsAtmospheric modelingBreakdown voltageDielectricsDisruptive effecDisruptive effectDisruptive effectsElectric breakdownElectric breakdown of liquidsElectric breakdown of solidsElectric insulationFlashoverFrequency contentsHigh voltage techniquesHigh-voltage techniquesIec standardsImpulse testingInsulationInsulation testingK factorLightningLightning arrestersLightning impulseLightning protectionMathematical modelsOscillatorsStandardsTest voltageTest voltage functionsTesting dataTime parameterVoltage

Quality index

Bibliometric impact. Analysis of the contribution and dissemination channel

The work has been published in the journal IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON POWER DELIVERY due to its progression and the good impact it has achieved in recent years, according to the agency Scopus (SJR), it has become a reference in its field. In the year of publication of the work, 2025, it was in position , thus managing to position itself as a Q1 (Primer Cuartil), in the category Electrical and Electronic Engineering. Notably, the journal is positioned above the 90th percentile.

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Impact and social visibility

From the perspective of influence or social adoption, and based on metrics associated with mentions and interactions provided by agencies specializing in calculating the so-called "Alternative or Social Metrics," we can highlight as of 2026-04-26:

  • The use of this contribution in bookmarks, code forks, additions to favorite lists for recurrent reading, as well as general views, indicates that someone is using the publication as a basis for their current work. This may be a notable indicator of future more formal and academic citations. This claim is supported by the result of the "Capture" indicator, which yields a total of: 3 (PlumX).

It is essential to present evidence supporting full alignment with institutional principles and guidelines on Open Science and the Conservation and Dissemination of Intellectual Heritage. A clear example of this is:

  • Assignment of a Handle/URN as an identifier within the deposit in the Institutional Repository: https://oa.upm.es/95067/

As a result of the publication of the work in the institutional repository, statistical usage data has been obtained that reflects its impact. In terms of dissemination, we can state that, as of

  • Views: 23
  • Downloads: 11
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Leadership analysis of institutional authors

There is a significant leadership presence as some of the institution’s authors appear as the first or last signer, detailed as follows: First Author (GARCIA AGUADO, TOMAS) and Last Author (ALVAREZ GOMEZ, FERNANDO).

the author responsible for correspondence tasks has been ALVAREZ GOMEZ, FERNANDO.

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