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Pardo-Medina, JavierAuthor

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June 7, 2025
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Carotenoid Biosynthesis in Fusarium

Publicated to: J Fungi (Basel). 3 (3): 39- - 2017-09-01 3(3), DOI: 10.3390/jof3030039

Authors:

Avalos, Javier; Pardo-Medina, Javier; Parra-Rivero, Obdulia; Ruger-Herreros, Macarena; Rodriguez-Ortiz, Roberto; Hornero-Mendez, Damaso; Carmen Limon, Maria
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Affiliations

CSIC, Dept Fitoquim Alimentos, Inst Grasa, Campus Univ Pablo de Olavide, Seville 41013, Spain - Author
UNAM, Inst Neurobiol, CONACYT, Juriquilla 076230, Queretaro, Mexico - Author
Univ Seville, Fac Biol, Dept Genet, E-41012 Seville, Spain - Author
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Abstract

Many fungi of the genus Fusarium stand out for the complexity of their secondary metabolism. Individual species may differ in their metabolic capacities, but they usually share the ability to synthesize carotenoids, a family of hydrophobic terpenoid pigments widely distributed in nature. Early studies on carotenoid biosynthesis in Fusarium aquaeductuum have been recently extended in Fusarium fujikuroi and Fusarium oxysporum, well-known biotechnological and phytopathogenic models, respectively. The major Fusarium carotenoid is neurosporaxanthin, a carboxylic xanthophyll synthesized from geranylgeranyl pyrophosphate through the activity of four enzymes, encoded by the genes carRA, carB, carT and carD. These fungi produce also minor amounts of beta-carotene, which may be cleaved by the CarX oxygenase to produce retinal, the rhodopsin's chromophore. The genes needed to produce retinal are organized in a gene cluster with a rhodopsin gene, while other carotenoid genes are not linked. In the investigated Fusarium species, the synthesis of carotenoids is induced by light through the transcriptional induction of the structural genes. In some species, deep-pigmented mutants with up-regulated expression of these genes are affected in the regulatory gene carS. The molecular mechanisms underlying the control by light and by the CarS protein are currently under investigation.
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Keywords

ApocarotenoidBeta-carotenBiochemical-characterizationCarotenoid gene clusteCarotenoid gene clusterDie lichtabhangige carotinoidsyntheseGibberella-fujikuroi isolationMutant strainsNeurospora-crassaNeurosporaxanthinPhotoinductionRetinalRing-finger proteinSecondary metabolismSynthase geneTerpenoid biosynthesisToruleneWild-typeXanthophyll

Quality index

Bibliometric impact. Analysis of the contribution and dissemination channel

The work has been published in the journal J Fungi (Basel), Q4 Agency Scopus (SJR), its regional focus and specialization in , give it significant recognition in a specific niche of scientific knowledge at an international level.

From a relative perspective, and based on the normalized impact indicator calculated from World Citations from Scopus Elsevier, it yields a value for the Field-Weighted Citation Impact from the Scopus agency: 2.76, which indicates that, compared to works in the same discipline and in the same year of publication, it ranks as a work cited above average. (source consulted: ESI Nov 13, 2025)

Specifically, and according to different indexing agencies, this work has accumulated citations as of 2025-12-21, the following number of citations:

  • WoS: 57
  • Scopus: 60
  • Europe PMC: 38
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Impact and social visibility

From the perspective of influence or social adoption, and based on metrics associated with mentions and interactions provided by agencies specializing in calculating the so-called "Alternative or Social Metrics," we can highlight as of 2025-12-21:

  • The use, from an academic perspective evidenced by the Altmetric agency indicator referring to aggregations made by the personal bibliographic manager Mendeley, gives us a total of: 106.
  • The use of this contribution in bookmarks, code forks, additions to favorite lists for recurrent reading, as well as general views, indicates that someone is using the publication as a basis for their current work. This may be a notable indicator of future more formal and academic citations. This claim is supported by the result of the "Capture" indicator, which yields a total of: 111 (PlumX).

With a more dissemination-oriented intent and targeting more general audiences, we can observe other more global scores such as:

  • The Total Score from Altmetric: 1.
  • The number of mentions on the social network X (formerly Twitter): 1 (Altmetric).

It is essential to present evidence supporting full alignment with institutional principles and guidelines on Open Science and the Conservation and Dissemination of Intellectual Heritage. A clear example of this is:

  • The work has been submitted to a journal whose editorial policy allows open Open Access publication.
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Leadership analysis of institutional authors

This work has been carried out with international collaboration, specifically with researchers from: Mexico.

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Awards linked to the item

We thank the Spanish Government (projects BIO2012-39716, BIO2015-69613-R, AGL2014-53195R and CaRed Network BIO2015-71703-REDT) and Junta de Andalucia (project CTS-6638) for financial support.
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