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Impact on the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs)

Analysis of institutional authors

Asad, MuhammadCorresponding AuthorSanchez-Fernandez, Jose AngelAuthor

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July 31, 2025
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Battery Energy Storage System Contribution to Primary Frequency Control in Isolated Power Systems

Publicated to: IEEE Access. 13 110030-110049 - 2025-01-01 13(), DOI: 10.1109/access.2025.3583228

Authors:

Asad, M; Tresca, G; Zanchetta, P; Sanchez-Fernandez, JA
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Affiliations

Univ Pavia, Dept Elect Comp & Biomed Engn, I-27100 Pavia, Italy - Author
Univ Politecn Madrid, ETSI Caminos Canales & Puertos, Dept Hydraul Energy & Environm Engn, Madrid 28040, Spain - Author

Abstract

Increased renewable energy penetration into conventional power plants results in significant frequency regulation (FR) problems, particularly at island power systems. To overcome FR problems, an energy storage system plays an important role. Therefore, a battery energy storage system (BESS) is proposed to provide primary frequency control (PFC) for San Cristobal Island hybrid wind diesel power system (WDPS) in this paper. The aim of this paper is to highlight the improvements achieved using BESS and estimate the optimal size of that BESS for San Cristobal WDPS. Therefore, a permanent magnet synchronous generator (PMSG) based variable speed wind turbine (VSWT) with synthetic (droop) control is used, which enables VSWT to release inertia during contingencies. A novel controller tuning methodology, named student psychology-based algorithm (SPBA), is used to optimally tune the BESS with hybrid WDPS and to estimate BESS size. In addition, several configurations set such as BESS with VSWT and/or diesel power plant (DPP) or both, are presented in this paper to highlight the optimal tuning effects. Moreover, the BESS based WDPS is tested under various real-world scenarios such as loss of wind generator, steadily increase wind speed ( Delta V-w approximate to 0.81 ms(-1)), variable wind speed, variable load demand ( Pload ) and simultaneously change in V-w and P-load. Finally, hybrid BESS based WDPS is tested in a real time environment (OPAL-RT) which validates its performance. Results show the significant reduction in frequency deviation, optimal sizing of BESS and optimal tuning of the whole WDPS.
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Keywords

Affordable and clean energyBattery energy storage systemBattery energy storage systemsBattery storageContingency managementDroop controlElectric generatorsElectricity sectorEnergy policyFrequency deviatioFrequency deviationFrequency regulationsGeneratorsHybrid isolated wdpsHybrid isolated wind diesel power systemHybrid power systemsInertiaLoad modelingMathematical modelsNatural frequenciesPower controlPower generationPower system stabilityPrimary frequency controlRenewable energiesRenewable energySecondary batteriesServiceSpbaStudent psychology-based algorithmTuningVariable speed wind turbinesWindWind speedWind turbinesWind-diesel power system

Quality index

Bibliometric impact. Analysis of the contribution and dissemination channel

The work has been published in the journal IEEE Access due to its progression and the good impact it has achieved in recent years, according to the agency Scopus (SJR), it has become a reference in its field. In the year of publication of the work, 2025, it was in position , thus managing to position itself as a Q1 (Primer Cuartil), in the category Engineering (Miscellaneous).

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Impact and social visibility

From the perspective of influence or social adoption, and based on metrics associated with mentions and interactions provided by agencies specializing in calculating the so-called "Alternative or Social Metrics," we can highlight as of 2026-04-05:

  • The use of this contribution in bookmarks, code forks, additions to favorite lists for recurrent reading, as well as general views, indicates that someone is using the publication as a basis for their current work. This may be a notable indicator of future more formal and academic citations. This claim is supported by the result of the "Capture" indicator, which yields a total of: 7 (PlumX).

With a more dissemination-oriented intent and targeting more general audiences, we can observe other more global scores such as:

    It is essential to present evidence supporting full alignment with institutional principles and guidelines on Open Science and the Conservation and Dissemination of Intellectual Heritage. A clear example of this is:

    • The work has been submitted to a journal whose editorial policy allows open Open Access publication.
    Continuing with the social impact of the work, it is important to emphasize that, due to its content, it can be assigned to the area of interest of ODS 7 - Affordable and clean energy, with a probability of 89% according to the mBERT algorithm developed by Aurora University.
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    Leadership analysis of institutional authors

    This work has been carried out with international collaboration, specifically with researchers from: Italy.

    There is a significant leadership presence as some of the institution’s authors appear as the first or last signer, detailed as follows: First Author (ASAD, MUHAMMAD) and Last Author (SANCHEZ FERNANDEZ, JOSE ANGEL).

    the author responsible for correspondence tasks has been ASAD, MUHAMMAD.

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    Awards linked to the item

    This work was supported in part by the Universidad Politecnica de Madrid under Grant RP2304330031.
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