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Impact on the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs)

Analysis of institutional authors

Portals-Riomao, AliciaCorresponding AuthorNehari, AsmaaAuthorGonzalez-Gross, MarcelaAuthorQuesada-Gonzalez, CarlosAuthorGesteiro, EvaAuthorGarcía Zapico, AugustoAuthor

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August 21, 2025
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Article

The Hidden Effects of Lockdown on Child Health: Evidence from Madrid's ASOMAD Study

Publicated to: Sci. 7 (1): 25- - 2025-02-25 7(1), DOI: 10.3390/sci7010025

Authors:

Portals-Riomao, Alicia; Nehari, Asmaa; Gonzalez-Gross, Marcela; Quesada-Gonzalez, Carlos; Gesteiro, Eva; Zapico, Augusto G
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Affiliations

Carlos III Hlth Inst, Biomed Res Ctr Pathophysiol Obes & Nutr CIBEROBN, Madrid 28029, Spain - Author
EXERNET, Phys Exercise & Hlth Res Network, Madrid 18016, Spain - Author
Univ Complutense Madrid, Dept Language Arts & Phys Educ, Madrid 28040, Spain - Author
Univ Politecn Madrid, Dept Hlth & Human Performance, ImFINE Res Grp, Madrid 28040, Spain - Author
Univ Politecn Madrid, Dept Math Appl Informat & Commun Technol, Madrid 28031, Spain - Author
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Abstract

COVID-19-related restrictions disrupted children's lifestyle habits, leading to significant changes in health behaviours. The ASOMAD study aimed to analyse the consequences of these restriction in lifestyle habits of children aged 8-12 in Madrid over three waves (three academic years). The results showed that approximately 20% of boys were overweight during and after the pandemic, with similar trends observed in girls (14.7% and 18.2%, respectively). Obesity rates for boys were high in the first wave (20.1%) but dropped to less than 10% in subsequent waves, while girls' rates remained stable. Physical activity levels decreased significantly, with 87.6% of girls failing to meet daily activity recommendations by the third wave. Boys exhibited worse adherence to recommended screen time limits than girls, particularly on weekends, where over 90% of boys exceeded guidelines. Adherence to the Mediterranean diet remained low, with over 50% of the sample categorized in medium- or low-adherence groups across all waves. In conclusion, lockdown may have increased sedentary behaviour, poor diet, and excessive screen time in children. The damage persistency, due to mobility restriction, affected some of the healthy lifestyle variables in our sample three years after.
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Keywords

AdolescentsChildrenCovid-19Diet quality indexHealth riskHealthy habitsLife-styleMediterranean dietNo povertyObesityPhysical-activityPrevalencPrevalenceReliabilitRiskSedentary behaviorValidity

Quality index

Bibliometric impact. Analysis of the contribution and dissemination channel

The work has been published in the journal Sci due to its progression and the good impact it has achieved in recent years, according to the agency Scopus (SJR), it has become a reference in its field. In the year of publication of the work, 2025, it was in position , thus managing to position itself as a Q1 (Primer Cuartil), in the category Multidisciplinary.

Independientemente del impacto esperado determinado por el canal de difusión, es importante destacar el impacto real observado de la propia aportación.

Según las diferentes agencias de indexación, el número de citas acumuladas por esta publicación hasta la fecha 2026-04-27:

  • Google Scholar: 2
  • WoS: 3
  • Scopus: 3
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Impact and social visibility

From the perspective of influence or social adoption, and based on metrics associated with mentions and interactions provided by agencies specializing in calculating the so-called "Alternative or Social Metrics," we can highlight as of 2026-04-27:

  • The use, from an academic perspective evidenced by the Altmetric agency indicator referring to aggregations made by the personal bibliographic manager Mendeley, gives us a total of: 2.
  • The use of this contribution in bookmarks, code forks, additions to favorite lists for recurrent reading, as well as general views, indicates that someone is using the publication as a basis for their current work. This may be a notable indicator of future more formal and academic citations. This claim is supported by the result of the "Capture" indicator, which yields a total of: 2 (PlumX).

With a more dissemination-oriented intent and targeting more general audiences, we can observe other more global scores such as:

  • The Total Score from Altmetric: 4.
  • The number of mentions on the social network X (formerly Twitter): 5 (Altmetric).

It is essential to present evidence supporting full alignment with institutional principles and guidelines on Open Science and the Conservation and Dissemination of Intellectual Heritage. A clear example of this is:

  • The work has been submitted to a journal whose editorial policy allows open Open Access publication.
  • Assignment of a Handle/URN as an identifier within the deposit in the Institutional Repository: https://oa.upm.es/92028/

As a result of the publication of the work in the institutional repository, statistical usage data has been obtained that reflects its impact. In terms of dissemination, we can state that, as of

  • Views: 51
  • Downloads: 26
Continuing with the social impact of the work, it is important to emphasize that, due to its content, it can be assigned to the area of interest of ODS 1 - End poverty in all its forms everywhere, with a probability of 64% according to the mBERT algorithm developed by Aurora University.
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Leadership analysis of institutional authors

There is a significant leadership presence as some of the institution’s authors appear as the first or last signer, detailed as follows: First Author (PORTALS RIOMAO, ALICIA) and Last Author (Zapico, Augusto G).

the authors responsible for correspondence tasks have been PORTALS RIOMAO, ALICIA and Zapico, Augusto G.

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Project objectives

El presente estudio persigue los siguientes objetivos: analizar las consecuencias de las restricciones por COVID-19 en los hábitos de vida de niños de 8 a 12 años en Madrid durante tres años académicos; evaluar la prevalencia de sobrepeso y obesidad en niños y niñas a lo largo de las tres olas del estudio; determinar los cambios en los niveles de actividad física y su cumplimiento respecto a las recomendaciones diarias; caracterizar la adherencia a los límites recomendados de tiempo de pantalla, diferenciando entre sexos y días de la semana; examinar la adherencia a la dieta mediterránea en la muestra durante el periodo estudiado; y valorar la persistencia de los efectos negativos del confinamiento sobre el comportamiento saludable hasta tres años después.
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Most relevant results

El estudio ASOMAD analizó los efectos del confinamiento por COVID-19 en hábitos de salud de niños madrileños de 8 a 12 años durante tres cursos académicos. Los resultados más relevantes fueron: aproximadamente el 20% de los niños y entre el 14.7% y 18.2% de las niñas presentaron sobrepeso durante y después de la pandemia; la obesidad en niños disminuyó del 20.1% en la primera ola a menos del 10% en las siguientes, mientras que en niñas se mantuvo estable; el 87.6% de las niñas no alcanzó las recomendaciones diarias de actividad física en la tercera ola; más del 90% de los niños superaron los límites recomendados de tiempo frente a pantallas los fines de semana; y más del 50% de la muestra mostró adherencia media o baja a la dieta mediterránea en todas las olas.
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Awards linked to the item

Universidad Politecnica de Madrid and Area Delegada de Deportes Ayuntamiento de Madrid (P2211600345). Red EXERNET-RED DE EJERCICIO FISICO Y SALUD (RED2022-134800-T) Agencia Estatal de Investigacion (Ministerio de Ciencias e Innovacion). Red de Ejercicio Fisico y Salud EXERNET (EXP 99828), Redes de Investigacion en Ciencias del Deporte, Consejo Superior de Deportes (Ministerio de Educacion, Formacion Profesional y Deportes).
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