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Analysis of institutional authors

Gutierrez, EnriqueAuthor

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November 18, 2025
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Article

Effect of self-stigma on personal recovery: sex differences in people with psychotic spectrum disorders

Publicated to: Frontiers In Global Womens Health. 6 1655885- - 2025-10-03 6(), DOI: 10.3389/fgwh.2025.1655885

Authors:

Leon-Morales, D; Navarro, JB; Lamarca, M; González-Higueras, F; Torres, P; Cid, J; Frigola-Capell, E; Birulés, I; Ochoa, S; Vidal, C; Garrido, G; Crosas, JM; Aznar, A; Palma-Sevillano, C; Sastre-Buades, A; Sevilla-Llewellyn-Jones, J; Vallina-Fernández, O; Gutiérrez, E; Calvo, A; ReCoMet Grp; Barajas, A
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Affiliations

- Author
Assoc Ctr Higiene Mental Corts, Barcelona, Spain - Author
Autonomous Univ Barcelona, Dept Psychobiol & Methodol Hlth Sci, Bellaterra, Spain - Author
Autonomous Univ Barcelona, Fac Psychol, Dept Clin & Hlth Psychol, Barcelona, Spain - Author
Consorci Sanitari Terrassa, Dept Mental Hlth, Barcelona, Spain - Author
Fundacio Els Tres Turons, Barcelona, Spain - Author
Generalitat Catalunya, Serra Hunter Programme, Barcelona, Spain - Author
Hosp Clin San Carlos, Inst Psiquiatria & Salud Mental, Inst Invest IdISSC, Madrid, Spain - Author
Hosp Mataro, Consorci Sanitari Maresme, Mataro, Barcelona, Spain - Author
Hosp Univ Jaen, Comunidad Terapeut Jaen, Jaen, Spain - Author
Inst Assistencia Sanitaria, Mental Hlth & Addict Network, Salt, Spain - Author
Inst Invest Biomed Girona IDIBGI CERCA, Mental Hlth & Addict, Parc Hosp Marti I Julia,Edifici M2, Salt, Spain - Author
Inst Recerca St Joan de Deu, Grup MERITT, Fundacio St Joan de Deu, Barcelona, Spain - Author
Inst Salud Carlos III, Consorcio Invest Biomed Red Salud Mental CIBERSAM, Madrid, Spain - Author
MIT linQ Massachusetts Inst Technol, Cambridge, MA USA - Author
Parc Sanitari St Joan de Deu, Barcelona, Spain - Author
Sierrallana Hosp, Cantabria Hlth Serv, Cantabria, Spain - Author
Son Llatzer Univ Hosp, Dept Psychiat, Palma De Mallorca, Spain - Author
Univ Autonoma, Hosp Univ Parc Tauli, Inst Invest & Innovacio Parc Tauli I3PT 1, Dept Mental Hlth, Sabadell, Spain - Author
Univ Barcelona, Dept Cognit Dev & Educ Psychol, Barcelona, Spain - Author
Univ Complutense Madrid, Sch Psychol, Personal Assessment & Clin Psychol Dept, Madrid, Spain - Author
Univ Politecn Madrid, Higher Tech Sch Comp Syst Engn, Dept Appl Math Informat & Commun Technol, NEBULA Res Grp, Madrid, Spain - Author
Univ Ramon Llull, Grup COMSAL, FPCEE Blanquerna, Barcelona, Spain - Author
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Abstract

Introduction Recently, there has been growing evidence on self-stigma and personal recovery in people with psychotic spectrum disorders. However, despite the influence of sex on mental health and the social component of self-stigma and recovery, the evidence regarding self-stigma, personal recovery, and sex is limited and inconsistent. This research aims to study the role of sex in the effect that self-stigma has on the personal recovery of people with psychotic spectrum disorders.Methods A sample of 118 patients with a psychosis diagnose participated in the study (55.9% men). They were recruited from 9 clinical centers in Spain. Data were collected through the Internalized Stigma of Mental Illness and the Recovery Assessment Scale.Results The effect of self-stigma on personal recovery differed according to the sex of the person. Specifically, in women, personal recovery decreased as self-stigma and alienation increased. Also, a higher self-stigma was associated with a lower personal confidence, hope and symptom control. In contrast, in men, a higher alienation was associated with higher personal confidence, hope and success orientation. These results were adjusted for educational level, comorbidity, number of psychotic episodes, and the time between symptom onset and treatment initiation.Discussion These findings highlight the urgent need to explore further the role of sex on recovery and to have a sex-sensitive approach in policies and interventions in this population. This would benefit their recovery and, in consequence, their quality of life. Future studies should expand the sample and explore other factors that could be influencing the process of recovery and self-stigma.
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Keywords

EmpowermentInternalized stigmaMasculineMental-illnessPerceived discriminationPremorbid intelligencePsychometric propertiesPsychotic disordersRecoveryRecovery, self-stigma, schizophrenia, psychotic disorders, sex differencesSchizophreniaSelf-stigmaSex differencesSyndrome scale panssTreatment adherence

Quality index

Bibliometric impact. Analysis of the contribution and dissemination channel

The work has been published in the journal Frontiers In Global Womens Health due to its progression and the good impact it has achieved in recent years, according to the agency WoS (JCR), it has become a reference in its field. In the year of publication of the work, 2025, it was in position 8/70, thus managing to position itself as a Q1 (Primer Cuartil), in the category Womens Studies.

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Impact and social visibility

From the perspective of influence or social adoption, and based on metrics associated with mentions and interactions provided by agencies specializing in calculating the so-called "Alternative or Social Metrics," we can highlight as of 2026-04-06:

  • The use, from an academic perspective evidenced by the Altmetric agency indicator referring to aggregations made by the personal bibliographic manager Mendeley, gives us a total of: 28.
  • The use of this contribution in bookmarks, code forks, additions to favorite lists for recurrent reading, as well as general views, indicates that someone is using the publication as a basis for their current work. This may be a notable indicator of future more formal and academic citations. This claim is supported by the result of the "Capture" indicator, which yields a total of: 28 (PlumX).

With a more dissemination-oriented intent and targeting more general audiences, we can observe other more global scores such as:

  • The Total Score from Altmetric: 2.
  • The number of mentions on the social network X (formerly Twitter): 5 (Altmetric).

It is essential to present evidence supporting full alignment with institutional principles and guidelines on Open Science and the Conservation and Dissemination of Intellectual Heritage. A clear example of this is:

  • The work has been submitted to a journal whose editorial policy allows open Open Access publication.
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Leadership analysis of institutional authors

This work has been carried out with international collaboration, specifically with researchers from: United States of America.

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Awards linked to the item

The author(s) declare that financial support was received for the research and/or publication of this article. This work was funded by the Spanish Ministry of Science and Innovation through the State Research Agency (Ref. No. PID2020-118907RA-I00/AEI/10.13039/501100011033) under the 2020 call for R&D&I Research Challenges projects (RTI). In addition, this manuscript has been elaborated with the support of the Ministry of Research and Universities of the Government of Catalonia to the Research Group COGen-MH "Cognition and Gender: Implications for Mental Health" (Code: 2021 SGR 000534).
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