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November 18, 2025
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Review

Emerging crops and plant growth-promoting bacteria (PGPB): a synergistic approach to climate-resilient agriculture

Publicated to: Microbiome. 13 (1): 228- - 2025-11-06 13(1), DOI: 10.1186/s40168-025-02225-4

Authors:

Pérez-Montaño, F; Aparicio, N; Arenas, F; Arjona, JM; Camacho, M; Fernández-García, N; García-Fraile, P; Goicoechea, N; Macías-Naranjo, S; Matías, J; Montero-Calasanz, MD; Morte, A; Olmos, E; Pueyo, JJ; Quiñones, MA; Rey, L; Reguera, M
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Affiliations

Agr Res Inst Finca Orden Valdesequera, Ctr Sci & Technol Res Extremadura CICYTEX, Badajoz, Spain - Author
Agrarian Technol Inst Castilla & Leon, Valladolid, Spain - Author
Andalusian Inst Agr & Fisheries Res & Training, Ctr Torres, Seville, Spain - Author
CSIC Campus Univ Espinardo, Ctr Appl Soil Sci & Biol Segura CEBAS, Dept Stress Biol & Plant Pathol, Murcia, Spain - Author
CSIC, Inst Agr Sci, Dept Soil Plant & Environm Qual, ICA, Madrid, Spain - Author
Innovac Agroalimentrias SL, Valladolid, Spain - Author
Univ Autonoma Madrid, Fac Ciencias, Dept Biol, Madrid, Spain - Author
Univ Murcia, Fac Biol, Dept Plant Biol, Murcia, Spain - Author
Univ Navarra, BIOMA Inst Biodivers & Environm, Dept Environm Biol, Plant Stress Physiol Grp, Pamplona, Spain - Author
Univ Politecn Madrid, Dept Biotechnol & Plant Biol, ETSI Agron Alimentaria & Biostemas, Madrid, Spain - Author
Univ Politecn Madrid, Inst Nacl Invest & Tecnol Agr & Alimentaria, Ctr Biotecnol & Genom Plantas CBGP, UPM,INIA,CSIC, Madrid, Spain - Author
Univ Salamanca, Inst Agribiotechnol Res, Dept Bot & Plant Physiol, Salamanca, Spain - Author
Univ Salamanca, Inst Agrobiotechnol Res, Salamanca, Spain - Author
Univ Salamanca, Microbiol & Genet Dept, Salamanca, Spain - Author
Univ Seville, Fac Biol, Dept Microbiol, Seville, Spain - Author
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Abstract

This review highlights the benefits of mutualistic plant-microbe interactions in enhancing the resilience of emergent crops and underlies the potential of these crops as valuable resources for exploring novel plant growth-promoting bacteria (PGPB). Emergent crops such as quinoa, amaranth, millet, lupins, hemp and desert truffles exhibit physiological and ecological traits that make them suitable for stress-prone environments. PGPB offer sustainable solutions to mitigate abiotic stress by improving nutrient availability, modulating phytohormone levels, enhancing root development and inducing systemic resistance. While their benefits have been extensively documented in model crops under controlled conditions, their application in emergent crops remains underexplored. This review examines current knowledge on the individual and combined roles of these crops and microbes, highlighting specific examples where PGPB have improved plant performance, yield and stress tolerance. Microbial inoculants show potential not only to boost productivity but also to reduce agrochemical inputs, contributing to sustainability. The review also discusses the need for tailored microbial formulations and effective field application strategies to bridge the gap between experimental research and real-world agricultural practices. Identifying key knowledge gaps, it emphasizes the importance of further research on strain specificity, crop-microbe interactions and multi-strain consortia for scalable and climate-smart agriculture. Ultimately, harnessing the synergisms between PGPB with emergent crops could convert marginal lands into productive, climate-smart farms, increasing food security in the face of environmental challenges posed by global climate change.
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Keywords

AcidAgricultureAmaranthusBacteriaBiological nitrogen-fixationClimate changeCrops, agriculturalDrought stressPhosphorusPlant developmentPlant rootsPseudomonas-fluorescensRhizobacteria pgprSalt toleranceSoil microbiologyStress, physiologicalSymbiosisSystemic resistanceUse efficiency

Quality index

Bibliometric impact. Analysis of the contribution and dissemination channel

The work has been published in the journal Microbiome due to its progression and the good impact it has achieved in recent years, according to the agency WoS (JCR), it has become a reference in its field. In the year of publication of the work, 2025, it was in position 8/163, thus managing to position itself as a Q1 (Primer Cuartil), in the category Microbiology. Notably, the journal is positioned above the 90th percentile.

Independientemente del impacto esperado determinado por el canal de difusión, es importante destacar el impacto real observado de la propia aportación.

Según las diferentes agencias de indexación, el número de citas acumuladas por esta publicación hasta la fecha 2026-01-31:

  • WoS: 1
  • Scopus: 1
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Impact and social visibility

From the perspective of influence or social adoption, and based on metrics associated with mentions and interactions provided by agencies specializing in calculating the so-called "Alternative or Social Metrics," we can highlight as of 2026-01-31:

  • The use, from an academic perspective evidenced by the Altmetric agency indicator referring to aggregations made by the personal bibliographic manager Mendeley, gives us a total of: 14.
  • The use of this contribution in bookmarks, code forks, additions to favorite lists for recurrent reading, as well as general views, indicates that someone is using the publication as a basis for their current work. This may be a notable indicator of future more formal and academic citations. This claim is supported by the result of the "Capture" indicator, which yields a total of: 13 (PlumX).

With a more dissemination-oriented intent and targeting more general audiences, we can observe other more global scores such as:

  • The Total Score from Altmetric: 7.
  • The number of mentions on the social network X (formerly Twitter): 6 (Altmetric).

It is essential to present evidence supporting full alignment with institutional principles and guidelines on Open Science and the Conservation and Dissemination of Intellectual Heritage. A clear example of this is:

  • The work has been submitted to a journal whose editorial policy allows open Open Access publication.
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Awards linked to the item

The authors gratefully acknowledge the financial support received from the Agencia Estatal de Investigacion-Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovacion (MICINN, Spain) MCIN/AEI/10.13039/501100011033 (RED2022-134382-T and RED2022-134667-T).
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