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Analysis of institutional authors

Greco M.AuthorCorral R.Author

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February 4, 2026
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An Open Virtual Test Case for Open Fans

Publicated to: JOURNAL OF TURBOMACHINERY-TRANSACTIONS OF THE ASME. 148 (6): - 2026-06-01 148(6), DOI: 10.1115/1.4070232

Authors:

Greco M; Corral R; Zhao F; Schnell R; Rovira Sala C; Martinez Luque R; Gea-Aguilera F
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Affiliations

Imperial College London - Author
Institute of Propulsion Technology - Author
SAFRAN, France - Author
Universidad Politécnica de Madrid - Author
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Abstract

This article presents an open virtual test case of an Open Fan geometry. The Open Fan is the newest and most promising unducted aero-engine concept. It is expected to be quieter and mechanically less complex than a counter-rotating open rotor (CROR), while delivering a similar level of fuel burn. The fuel burn and emission improvements with respect to an ultra-high bypass ratio (UHBR) ducted fan are expected to be very significant. A challenge will be to minimize the acoustic impact. Currently, there is no publicly available state-of-the-art Open Fan design, or even a state-of-the-art CROR geometry, that researchers can use to conduct independent simulations. A realistic industrially driven Open Fan virtual test case has been released by the PANDORA project consortium. The key outcome of the PANDORA project is an estimate of the improvements delivered by the Open Fan configuration with respect to a CROR in terms of noise, performance, and emissions. The added value of having a realistic design is that it naturally drives the research in the correct direction and provides the range of parameters in which the physics must be properly solved and understood. In this work, a new Open Fan geometry will be presented along with the pitch settings at various operating conditions. The aerodynamics of an Open Fan is more demanding than that of a CROR. In fact, the Open Fan presents a higher aerodynamic loading and Mach number for the same thrust. The aerodynamic performance of the Open Fan configuration is obtained using RANS simulations. This type of simulation is also helpful in assessing the influence of design changes on the Open Fan performance. RANS simulations have been successfully used to compute the aerodynamic loading, thrust, and efficiency at different operating conditions.
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Keywords

Computational fluid dynamics (cfd)FanOpen rotorPropellerVirtual test case

Quality index

Bibliometric impact. Analysis of the contribution and dissemination channel

The work has been published in the journal JOURNAL OF TURBOMACHINERY-TRANSACTIONS OF THE ASME due to its progression and the good impact it has achieved in recent years, according to the agency Scopus (SJR), it has become a reference in its field. In the year of publication of the work, 2026, it was in position , thus managing to position itself as a Q1 (Primer Cuartil), in the category Mechanical Engineering.

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Impact and social visibility

From the perspective of influence or social adoption, and based on metrics associated with mentions and interactions provided by agencies specializing in calculating the so-called "Alternative or Social Metrics," we can highlight as of 2026-04-05:

  • The use of this contribution in bookmarks, code forks, additions to favorite lists for recurrent reading, as well as general views, indicates that someone is using the publication as a basis for their current work. This may be a notable indicator of future more formal and academic citations. This claim is supported by the result of the "Capture" indicator, which yields a total of: 1 (PlumX).
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Leadership analysis of institutional authors

This work has been carried out with international collaboration, specifically with researchers from: France; Germany; Gran Bretanya; United Kingdom.

There is a significant leadership presence as some of the institution’s authors appear as the first or last signer, detailed as follows: First Author (GRECO, MICHELE) .

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