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Lorenzo, EduardoAuthor

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June 9, 2019
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Smoothing of PV power fluctuations by geographical dispersion

Publicated to: Progress In Photovoltaics. 20 (2): 226-237 - 2012-03-01 20(2), DOI: 10.1002/pip.1127

Authors:

Marcos, J; Marroyo, L; Lorenzo, E; Garca, M
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Affiliations

ETSI Telecomunicac, Grp Sistemas, Inst Energia Solar, Madrid 28040, Spain - Author
Univ Publ Navarra, Dpto Ingn Elect & Elect, Pamplona 31006, Spain - Author

Abstract

The quality and the reliability of the power generated by large grid-connected photovoltaic (PV) plants are negatively affected by the source characteristic variability. This paper deals with the smoothing of power fluctuations because of geographical dispersion of PV systems. The fluctuation frequency and the maximum fluctuation registered at a PV plant ensemble are analyzed to study these effects. We propose an empirical expression to compare the fluctuation attenuation because of both the size and the number of PV plants grouped. The convolution of single PV plants frequency distribution functions has turned out to be a successful tool to statistically describe the behavior of an ensemble of PV plants and determine their maximum output fluctuation. Our work is based on experimental 1-s data collected throughout 2009 from seven PV plants, 20?MWp in total, separated between 6 and 360?km. Copyright (c) 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
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Keywords

Analytical modelAreaConvolutionGrid-connectedLarge pv plantsModelPower fluctuationsScaleSystems

Quality index

Bibliometric impact. Analysis of the contribution and dissemination channel

The work has been published in the journal Progress In Photovoltaics due to its progression and the good impact it has achieved in recent years, according to the agency WoS (JCR), it has become a reference in its field. In the year of publication of the work, 2012, it was in position 11/128, thus managing to position itself as a Q1 (Primer Cuartil), in the category Physics, Applied.

From a relative perspective, and based on the normalized impact indicator calculated from World Citations provided by WoS (ESI, Clarivate), it yields a value for the citation normalization relative to the expected citation rate of: 2.13. This indicates that, compared to works in the same discipline and in the same year of publication, it ranks as a work cited above average. (source consulted: ESI Nov 13, 2025)

This information is reinforced by other indicators of the same type, which, although dynamic over time and dependent on the set of average global citations at the time of their calculation, consistently position the work at some point among the top 50% most cited in its field:

  • Weighted Average of Normalized Impact by the Scopus agency: 2.27 (source consulted: FECYT Mar 2025)

Specifically, and according to different indexing agencies, this work has accumulated citations as of 2026-01-08, the following number of citations:

  • WoS: 114
  • Scopus: 138
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Impact and social visibility

From the perspective of influence or social adoption, and based on metrics associated with mentions and interactions provided by agencies specializing in calculating the so-called "Alternative or Social Metrics," we can highlight as of 2026-01-08:

  • The use of this contribution in bookmarks, code forks, additions to favorite lists for recurrent reading, as well as general views, indicates that someone is using the publication as a basis for their current work. This may be a notable indicator of future more formal and academic citations. This claim is supported by the result of the "Capture" indicator, which yields a total of: 148 (PlumX).

It is essential to present evidence supporting full alignment with institutional principles and guidelines on Open Science and the Conservation and Dissemination of Intellectual Heritage. A clear example of this is:

  • The work has been submitted to a journal whose editorial policy allows open Open Access publication.
  • Assignment of a Handle/URN as an identifier within the deposit in the Institutional Repository: https://oa.upm.es/16578/

As a result of the publication of the work in the institutional repository, statistical usage data has been obtained that reflects its impact. In terms of dissemination, we can state that, as of

  • Views: 400
  • Downloads: 864
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Awards linked to the item

The authors would like to thank Red Electrica de Espana (REE) for their financial support and ACCIONA for authorizing measurements at its PV plants and for their staff's helpful collaboration. As well, Pedro Zufiria and Jonathan Leloux have provided precious technical support on the analytic description of the fluctuation frequency and the convolution theory. This work has been supported by the Spanish Ministry of Education and Science (grant number: DPI2009-14713-C03-01).
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