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Juristo, NataliaAuthor

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June 9, 2019
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A framework to identify primitives that represent usability within Model-Driven Development methods

Publicated to: INFORMATION AND SOFTWARE TECHNOLOGY. 58 (58): 338-354 - 2015-02-01 58(58), DOI: 10.1016/j.infsof.2014.07.002

Authors:

Panach, JI; Juristo, N; Valverde, F; Pastor, O
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Affiliations

Univ Politecn Madrid - Author
Univ Politecn Valencia, Ctr Invest Metodos Prod Software ProS - Author
Univ Valencia, Dept Informat, Escola Tecn Super Engn - Author
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Abstract

Context: Nowadays, there are sound methods and tools which implement the Model-Driven Development approach (MDD) satisfactorily. However, MDD approaches focus on representing and generating code that represents functionality, behaviour and persistence, putting the interaction, and more specifically the usability, in a second place. If we aim to include usability features in a system developed with a MDD tool, we need to extend manually the generated code. Objective: This paper tackles how to include functional usability features (usability recommendations strongly related to system functionality) in MDD through conceptual primitives. Method: The approach consists of studying usability guidelines to identify usability properties that can be represented in a conceptual model. Next, these new primitives are the input for a model compiler that generates the code according to the characteristics expressed in them. An empirical study with 66 subjects was conducted to study the effect of including functional usability features regarding end users' satisfaction and time to complete tasks. Moreover, we have compared the workload of two MDD analysts including usability features by hand in the generated code versus including them through conceptual primitives according to our approach. Results: Results of the empirical study shows that after including usability features, end users' satisfaction improves while spent time does not change significantly. This justifies the use of usability features in the software development process. Results of the comparison show that the workload required to adapt the MDD method to support usability features through conceptual primitives is heavy. However, once MDD supports these features, MDD analysts working with primitives are more efficient than MDD analysts implementing these features manually. Conclusion: This approach brings us a step closer to conceptual models where models represent not only functionality, behaviour or persistence, but also usability features. (C) 2014 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
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Keywords

Conceptual modelInformationModel-driven developmentToolUsabilityUser interfaces

Quality index

Bibliometric impact. Analysis of the contribution and dissemination channel

The work has been published in the journal INFORMATION AND SOFTWARE TECHNOLOGY due to its progression and the good impact it has achieved in recent years, according to the agency WoS (JCR), it has become a reference in its field. In the year of publication of the work, 2015, it was in position 45/144, thus managing to position itself as a Q1 (Primer Cuartil), in the category Computer Science, Information Systems.

Independientemente del impacto esperado determinado por el canal de difusión, es importante destacar el impacto real observado de la propia aportación.

Según las diferentes agencias de indexación, el número de citas acumuladas por esta publicación hasta la fecha 2026-04-24:

  • Google Scholar: 25
  • WoS: 9
  • Scopus: 13
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Impact and social visibility

From the perspective of influence or social adoption, and based on metrics associated with mentions and interactions provided by agencies specializing in calculating the so-called "Alternative or Social Metrics," we can highlight as of 2026-04-24:

  • The use, from an academic perspective evidenced by the Altmetric agency indicator referring to aggregations made by the personal bibliographic manager Mendeley, gives us a total of: 61.
  • The use of this contribution in bookmarks, code forks, additions to favorite lists for recurrent reading, as well as general views, indicates that someone is using the publication as a basis for their current work. This may be a notable indicator of future more formal and academic citations. This claim is supported by the result of the "Capture" indicator, which yields a total of: 61 (PlumX).

With a more dissemination-oriented intent and targeting more general audiences, we can observe other more global scores such as:

  • The Total Score from Altmetric: 1.
  • The number of mentions on the social network X (formerly Twitter): 1 (Altmetric).

It is essential to present evidence supporting full alignment with institutional principles and guidelines on Open Science and the Conservation and Dissemination of Intellectual Heritage. A clear example of this is:

  • The work has been submitted to a journal whose editorial policy allows open Open Access publication.
  • Assignment of a Handle/URN as an identifier within the deposit in the Institutional Repository: https://oa.upm.es/37414/

As a result of the publication of the work in the institutional repository, statistical usage data has been obtained that reflects its impact. In terms of dissemination, we can state that, as of

  • Views: 377
  • Downloads: 335
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Awards linked to the item

This work was developed with the support of the Spanish Ministry of Science and Innovation Project SMART ADAPT (TIN201342981-P), TIN2011-23216 and was co-financed by ERDF. It also has the support of Generalitat Valenciana-funded ORCA Project (PROMETEO/2009/015) and UV (UV-INV-PRECOMP13-115032).
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