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San Antonio Gomez, Jose Carlos DeAuthorVelilla, CristinaAuthor

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November 25, 2019
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Basket-Handle Arch and Its Optimum Symmetry Generation as a Structural Element and Keeping the Aesthetic Point of View

Publicated to: Symmetry-Basel. 11 (10): 1243- - 2019-10-01 11(10), DOI: 10.3390/sym11101243

Authors:

Alcayde, A; Velilla, C; San-Antonio-Gómez, C; Peña-Fernández, A; Pérez-Romero, A; Manzano-Agugliaro, F
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Affiliations

Univ Almeria, Dept Engn, CeiA3 - Author
Univ Almeria, Res Ctr CIAIMBITAL, CeiA3 - Author
Univ Politecn Madrid, Dept Ingn Agroforestal, Av Puerta Hierro - Author
Univ Seville, Graph Engn Dept, Utrera Rd,Km 1 - Author
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Abstract

The arches were a great advance in construction with respect to the rigid Greek linteled architecture. Its development came from the hand of the great Roman constructions, especially with the semicircular arch. In successive historical periods, different types of arches have been emerging, which in addition to their structural function was taking aesthetic characteristics that are used today to define the architectural style. When, in the construction of a bow, the rise is less than half the springing line, the semicircular arch is no longer used and the segmental arch is used, and then on to another more efficient and aesthetic arch, the basket-handle arch. This study examines the classic geometry of the basket-handle arch also called the three-centered arch. A solution is proposed from a constructive and aesthetic point of view, and this is approached both geometrically and analytically, where the relationship between the radius of the central arch and the radius of the lateral arch is minimized. The solution achieved allows the maximum springing line or clear span to be saved with the minimum rise that preserves the aesthetic point of view, since the horizontal thrust of a bow is greater than the relationship between the springing line of the arch and the rise. This solution has been programmed and the resulting software has made it possible to analyse existing arches in historic buildings or constructions to check if their solutions were close or not from both points of view. Thus, it has been possible to verify that in most of the existing arches analyzed, the proposed solution is reached.
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Keywords

AestheticBasket-handle archCastleChambordGeometryLimit equilibrium-analysisMasonryMinimum thicknessOptimumSafetyStonesThree-centered arch

Quality index

Bibliometric impact. Analysis of the contribution and dissemination channel

The work has been published in the journal Symmetry-Basel due to its progression and the good impact it has achieved in recent years, according to the agency WoS (JCR), it has become a reference in its field. In the year of publication of the work, 2019, it was in position 29/71, thus managing to position itself as a Q2 (Segundo Cuartil), in the category Multidisciplinary Sciences. Notably, the journal is positioned en el Cuartil Q2 para la agencia Scopus (SJR) en la categoría Computer Science (Miscellaneous).

Independientemente del impacto esperado determinado por el canal de difusión, es importante destacar el impacto real observado de la propia aportación.

Según las diferentes agencias de indexación, el número de citas acumuladas por esta publicación hasta la fecha 2026-04-09:

  • WoS: 5
  • Scopus: 7
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Impact and social visibility

From the perspective of influence or social adoption, and based on metrics associated with mentions and interactions provided by agencies specializing in calculating the so-called "Alternative or Social Metrics," we can highlight as of 2026-04-09:

  • The use, from an academic perspective evidenced by the Altmetric agency indicator referring to aggregations made by the personal bibliographic manager Mendeley, gives us a total of: 11.
  • The use of this contribution in bookmarks, code forks, additions to favorite lists for recurrent reading, as well as general views, indicates that someone is using the publication as a basis for their current work. This may be a notable indicator of future more formal and academic citations. This claim is supported by the result of the "Capture" indicator, which yields a total of: 11 (PlumX).

With a more dissemination-oriented intent and targeting more general audiences, we can observe other more global scores such as:

  • The Total Score from Altmetric: 4.
  • The number of mentions on the social network X (formerly Twitter): 1 (Altmetric).
  • The number of mentions on Wikipedia: 1 (Altmetric).

It is essential to present evidence supporting full alignment with institutional principles and guidelines on Open Science and the Conservation and Dissemination of Intellectual Heritage. A clear example of this is:

  • The work has been submitted to a journal whose editorial policy allows open Open Access publication.
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Awards linked to the item

The authors would like to thank to the CIAIMBITAL (University of Almeria, CeiA3) for its support.
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