September 7, 2020
Publications
>
Article
No

Unemployment and Fertility: A Long Run Relationship

Publicated to: SOCIAL INDICATORS RESEARCH. 152 (3): 1177-1196 - 2020-12-01 152(3), DOI: 10.1007/s11205-020-02468-8

Authors:

Maria Fernandez-Crehuet, Jose; Alberiko Gil-Alana, Luis; Marti Barco, Cristina
[+]

Affiliations

NCID ICS, Edificio Amigos, Pamplona 31009, Spain - Author
Univ Francisco Vitoria, Madrid, Spain - Author
Univ Navarra, Fac Econ, Edificio Amigos, Pamplona 31009, Spain - Author
Univ Politecn Madrid, Madrid, Spain - Author
See more

Abstract

The paper examines the relationship between the unemployment rate and the fertility rate in a number of European countries along with Japan and the US. We use fractional integration and cointegration techniques to establish this long run relationship. The analysis shed some light on the degree of persistence of the series, and on whether policy actions are required for highly persistent series. The evidence suggests that these two variables (unemployment and fertility rates) are not related in the long run. However, in the short run, assuming that unemployment rate is weakly exogenous, the coefficient relating the two variables is found to be negative in four countries: the Netherlands, Portugal, Spain and the US.
[+]

Keywords

Cointegration analysisExponential modelFemale employmentFertility rateFractional cointegrationFractional integrationFractional-integrationHysteresisLong memoryStructural breaksTime-seriesUnemployment rateUnit-rootUsWomens employment

Quality index

Bibliometric impact. Analysis of the contribution and dissemination channel

The work has been published in the journal SOCIAL INDICATORS RESEARCH due to its progression and the good impact it has achieved in recent years, according to the agency Scopus (SJR), it has become a reference in its field. In the year of publication of the work, 2020, it was in position , thus managing to position itself as a Q1 (Primer Cuartil), in the category Social Sciences (Miscellaneous).

Independientemente del impacto esperado determinado por el canal de difusión, es importante destacar el impacto real observado de la propia aportación.

Según las diferentes agencias de indexación, el número de citas acumuladas por esta publicación hasta la fecha 2026-04-25:

  • Google Scholar: 8
  • WoS: 4
  • Scopus: 3
[+]

Impact and social visibility

From the perspective of influence or social adoption, and based on metrics associated with mentions and interactions provided by agencies specializing in calculating the so-called "Alternative or Social Metrics," we can highlight as of 2026-04-25:

  • The use, from an academic perspective evidenced by the Altmetric agency indicator referring to aggregations made by the personal bibliographic manager Mendeley, gives us a total of: 21.
  • The use of this contribution in bookmarks, code forks, additions to favorite lists for recurrent reading, as well as general views, indicates that someone is using the publication as a basis for their current work. This may be a notable indicator of future more formal and academic citations. This claim is supported by the result of the "Capture" indicator, which yields a total of: 21 (PlumX).

With a more dissemination-oriented intent and targeting more general audiences, we can observe other more global scores such as:

  • The Total Score from Altmetric: 2.
  • The number of mentions on the social network X (formerly Twitter): 2 (Altmetric).

It is essential to present evidence supporting full alignment with institutional principles and guidelines on Open Science and the Conservation and Dissemination of Intellectual Heritage. A clear example of this is:

  • Assignment of a Handle/URN as an identifier within the deposit in the Institutional Repository: https://oa.upm.es/91710/

As a result of the publication of the work in the institutional repository, statistical usage data has been obtained that reflects its impact. In terms of dissemination, we can state that, as of

  • Views: 49
  • Downloads: 3
[+]

Leadership analysis of institutional authors

There is a significant leadership presence as some of the institution’s authors appear as the first or last signer, detailed as follows: First Author (FERNANDEZ-CREHUET SANTOS, JOSE MARIA) and Last Author (Marti Barco, Cristina).

[+]

Awards linked to the item

Prof. Luis A. Gil-Alana gratefully acknowledges financial support from the MINEIC-AEI-FEDER ECO2017-85503-R Project from 'Ministerio de Economia, Industria y Competitividad' (MINEIC), 'Agencia Estatal de Investigacion' (AEI) Spain and 'Fondo Europeo de Desarrollo Regional' (FEDER). An internal Project from the Universidad Francisco de Vitoria is also acknowledged. Comments from the Editor and three anonymous reviewers are gratefully acknowledged.
[+]