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Analysis of institutional authors

Khamlichi, ACorresponding AuthorGarnacho, FAuthor

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January 10, 2022
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Calibration of On-Board Energy Measurement Systems Installed in Locomotives for AC Distorted Current and High Voltage Waveforms and Determination of Its Uncertainty Budget

Publicated to: Sensors. 21 (23): 7967- - 2021-12-01 21(23), DOI: 10.3390/s21237967

Authors:

Khamlichi, Abderrahim; Garnacho, Fernando; Simon, Pascual; Rovira, Jorge; Ramirez, Angel
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Affiliations

FFII, LCOE, Eric Kandel St 1, Madrid 28906, Spain - Author
Univ Politecn Madrid, Dept Elect Engn, Rda Valencia 3, Madrid 28012, Spain - Author

Abstract

Periodic calibrations of Energy Measurement Systems (EMS) installed in locomotives must be carried out to demonstrate the required accuracy established in the EN 50463-2 standard according to European Parliament and Council Directive 2008/57/EC on the interoperability of rail systems within the Community. As a result of the work performed in the "MyRailS" EURAMET project an AC calibration facility was developed consisting of a fictive power source was developed. This fictive power source can generate distorted sinusoidal voltages up to 25 kV-50 Hz and 15 kV-16.7 Hz as well as distorted sinusoidal currents up to 500 A with harmonic content up to 5 kHz or phase-fired current waveform stated in EN50463-2 standard. These waveforms are representative of those that appear during periods of acceleration and breaking of the train. Reference measuring systems have been designed and built consisting of high voltage and high current transducers adapted to multimeters, which function as digital recorders to acquire synchronized voltage and current signals. An approved procedure has been developed and an in-depth uncertainty analysis has been performed to achieve a set of uncertainty formulas considering the influence parameters. Different influence parameters have been analyzed to evaluate uncertainty contributions for each quantity to be measured: rms voltage, rms current, active power, apparent power and non-active power of distorted voltage and current waveforms. The resulting calculated global expanded uncertainty for the developed Energy Measuring Function calibration set up has been better than 0.5% for distorted waveforms. This paper is focused on presenting the complete set of expressions and formulas developed for the different influence parameters, necessary for uncertainty budget calculation of an Energy Measuring Function calibration.
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Keywords

Budget controlCalibrationCalibration set upCalibration uncertaintyDistorted waveformsElectric distortionEnergyEnergy measuring systemEnginesFictive power sourceHarmonic analysisInfluence parameterInteroperabilityLocomotivesMeasuring systemsPowerPower sourcesRailroad transportationSampling rateSampling ratesUncertainty analysis

Quality index

Bibliometric impact. Analysis of the contribution and dissemination channel

The work has been published in the journal Sensors due to its progression and the good impact it has achieved in recent years, according to the agency Scopus (SJR), it has become a reference in its field. In the year of publication of the work, 2021, it was in position , thus managing to position itself as a Q1 (Primer Cuartil), in the category Analytical Chemistry.

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Impact and social visibility

From the perspective of influence or social adoption, and based on metrics associated with mentions and interactions provided by agencies specializing in calculating the so-called "Alternative or Social Metrics," we can highlight as of 2025-12-22:

  • The use, from an academic perspective evidenced by the Altmetric agency indicator referring to aggregations made by the personal bibliographic manager Mendeley, gives us a total of: 3.
  • The use of this contribution in bookmarks, code forks, additions to favorite lists for recurrent reading, as well as general views, indicates that someone is using the publication as a basis for their current work. This may be a notable indicator of future more formal and academic citations. This claim is supported by the result of the "Capture" indicator, which yields a total of: 3 (PlumX).

With a more dissemination-oriented intent and targeting more general audiences, we can observe other more global scores such as:

  • The Total Score from Altmetric: 1.
  • The number of mentions on the social network X (formerly Twitter): 1 (Altmetric).

It is essential to present evidence supporting full alignment with institutional principles and guidelines on Open Science and the Conservation and Dissemination of Intellectual Heritage. A clear example of this is:

  • The work has been submitted to a journal whose editorial policy allows open Open Access publication.
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Leadership analysis of institutional authors

There is a significant leadership presence as some of the institution’s authors appear as the first or last signer, detailed as follows: First Author (KHAMLICHI EL KHAMLICHI, ABDERRAHIM) .

the author responsible for correspondence tasks has been KHAMLICHI EL KHAMLICHI, ABDERRAHIM.

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Awards linked to the item

The latter received funding from the EMPIR program co-financed by the Participating States and from the European Union's Horizon 2020 research and innovation program. The EMPIR program belongs to EURAMET association.
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