{rfName}
Ev

Indexed in

License and Use

Icono OpenAccess

Citations

41

Altmetrics

Analysis of institutional authors

Almorox, JAuthor

Share

September 19, 2022
Publications
>
Article
Sí

Evaluation and Comparison of Spatial Clustering for Solar Irradiance Time Series

Publicated to: Applied Sciences-Basel. 12 (17): 8529- - 2022-09-01 12(17), DOI: 10.3390/app12178529

Authors:

Garcia-Gutierrez, L; Voyant, C; Notton, G; Almorox, J
[+]

Affiliations

Hosp Castellucio, Radiotherapy Unit, F-20000 Ajaccio, France - Author
Univ Corsica Pasquale Paoli, Sci Environm Lab, UMR CNRS 6134, F-20000 Ajaccio, France - Author
Univ Politecn Madrid, UPM, Avd Puerta de Hierro 2, Madrid 28040, Spain - Author
Univ Sergio Arboleda, Sch Exact Sci & Engn, Dept Elect Engn, Bogota 11000, Colombia - Author
See more

Abstract

This work exposes an innovative clustering method of solar radiation stations, using static and dynamic parameters, based on multi-criteria analysis for future objectives to make the forecasting of the solar resource easier. The innovation relies on a characterization of solar irradiation from both a quantitative point of view and a qualitative one (variability of the intermittent sources). Each of the 76 Spanish stations studied is firstly characterized by static parameters of solar radiation distributions (mean, standard deviation, skewness, and kurtosis) and then by dynamic ones (Hurst exponent and forecastability coefficient, which is a new concept to characterize the "difficulty" to predict the solar radiation intermittence) that are rarely used, or even never used previously, in such a study. A redundancy analysis shows that, among all the explanatory variables used, three are essential and sufficient to characterize the solar irradiation behavior of each site; thus, in accordance with the principle of parsimony, only the mean and the two dynamic parameters are used. Four clustering methods were applied to identify geographical areas with similar solar irradiation characteristics at a half-an-hour time step: hierarchical, k-means, k-medoids, and spectral cluster. The achieved clusters are compared with each other and with an updated Koppen-Geiger climate classification. The relationship between clusters is analyzed according to the Rand and Jaccard Indexes. For both cases (five and three classes), the hierarchical clustering algorithm is the closest to the Koppen classification. An evaluation of the clustering algorithms' performance shows no interest in implementing k-means and spectral clustering simultaneously since the results are similar by more than 90% for three and five classes. The recommendations for operating a solar radiation clustering are to use k-means or hierarchical clustering based on mean, Hurst exponent, and forecastability parameters.
[+]

Keywords

Artificial intelligenceClassificationData miningEnergyExponentModelPredictionRadiationRegionalizationSolar irradiationStatistics methodsTime-series clusteringValidationVariability

Quality index

Bibliometric impact. Analysis of the contribution and dissemination channel

The work has been published in the journal Applied Sciences-Basel due to its progression and the good impact it has achieved in recent years, according to the agency WoS (JCR), it has become a reference in its field. In the year of publication of the work, 2022, it was in position 42/90, thus managing to position itself as a Q2 (Segundo Cuartil), in the category Engineering, Multidisciplinary. Notably, the journal is positioned en el Cuartil Q2 para la agencia Scopus (SJR) en la categoría Engineering (Miscellaneous).

From a relative perspective, and based on the normalized impact indicator calculated from World Citations provided by WoS (ESI, Clarivate), it yields a value for the citation normalization relative to the expected citation rate of: 1.21. This indicates that, compared to works in the same discipline and in the same year of publication, it ranks as a work cited above average. (source consulted: ESI Nov 13, 2025)

This information is reinforced by other indicators of the same type, which, although dynamic over time and dependent on the set of average global citations at the time of their calculation, consistently position the work at some point among the top 50% most cited in its field:

  • Weighted Average of Normalized Impact by the Scopus agency: 2.13 (source consulted: FECYT Mar 2025)

Specifically, and according to different indexing agencies, this work has accumulated citations as of 2026-04-25, the following number of citations:

  • WoS: 18
  • Scopus: 20
[+]

Impact and social visibility

From the perspective of influence or social adoption, and based on metrics associated with mentions and interactions provided by agencies specializing in calculating the so-called "Alternative or Social Metrics," we can highlight as of 2026-04-25:

  • The use of this contribution in bookmarks, code forks, additions to favorite lists for recurrent reading, as well as general views, indicates that someone is using the publication as a basis for their current work. This may be a notable indicator of future more formal and academic citations. This claim is supported by the result of the "Capture" indicator, which yields a total of: 36 (PlumX).

It is essential to present evidence supporting full alignment with institutional principles and guidelines on Open Science and the Conservation and Dissemination of Intellectual Heritage. A clear example of this is:

  • The work has been submitted to a journal whose editorial policy allows open Open Access publication.
  • Assignment of a Handle/URN as an identifier within the deposit in the Institutional Repository: https://oa.upm.es/91726/

As a result of the publication of the work in the institutional repository, statistical usage data has been obtained that reflects its impact. In terms of dissemination, we can state that, as of

  • Views: 58
  • Downloads: 73
[+]

Leadership analysis of institutional authors

This work has been carried out with international collaboration, specifically with researchers from: Colombia; France.

There is a significant leadership presence as some of the institution’s authors appear as the first or last signer, detailed as follows: Last Author (ALMOROX ALONSO, JAVIER).

[+]