January 9, 2023
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Article

Robust Design of 3D-Printed W-Band Bandpass Filters Using Gap Waveguide Technology

Publicated to: Journal of Infrared Millimeter and Terahertz Waves. 44 (1-2): 98-109 - 2023-02-01 44(1-2), DOI: 10.1007/s10762-022-00903-0

Authors:

Santiago, D; Tamayo-Domínguez, A; Laso, MAG; Lopetegi, T; Fernández-González, JM; Martínez, R; Arregui, I
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Affiliations

Publ Univ Navarre UPNA, Inst Smart Cities ISC, Dept Elect Elect & Commun Engn, Pamplona, Spain - Author
Univ Politecn Madrid, Informat Proc & Telecommun Ctr IPTC, Dept Signals Syst & Radiocommun, Radiat Grp, Madrid, Spain - Author
Universidad Politécnica de Madrid - Author
Universidad Pública de Navarra - Author
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Abstract

In this paper, a W-band 3D-printed bandpass filter is proposed. The use of higher-order TE10n modes in groove gap waveguide (GGW) technology is evaluated in order to alleviate the manufacturing requirements. In addition to the use of higher-order modes, the coupling between them is analyzed in detail to improve the overall fabrication robustness of the component. This allows the implementation of narrow-band filters operating at millimeter-wave frequency bands (or above), which usually demand complex manufacturing techniques to provide the high accuracy required for this kind of devices. In order to show the applicability of the proposed method, a narrow-band 5th-order Chebyshev bandpass filter centered at 94 GHz, which can be easily fabricated by state-of-the-art stereolithographic (SLA) 3D-printing techniques followed by silver coating, is shown. Excellent measured performance has been obtained.
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Keywords

3d-printinggroove gap waveguidew-band3d-printingBandpass filterGroove gap waveguideW-band

Quality index

Bibliometric impact. Analysis of the contribution and dissemination channel

The work has been published in the journal Journal of Infrared Millimeter and Terahertz Waves due to its progression and the good impact it has achieved in recent years, according to the agency Scopus (SJR), it has become a reference in its field. In the year of publication of the work, 2023, it was in position , thus managing to position itself as a Q2 (Segundo Cuartil), in the category Electrical and Electronic Engineering. Notably, the journal is positioned en el Cuartil Q3 for the agency WoS (JCR) in the category Optics.

From a relative perspective, and based on the normalized impact indicator calculated from World Citations provided by WoS (ESI, Clarivate), it yields a value for the citation normalization relative to the expected citation rate of: 3.26. This indicates that, compared to works in the same discipline and in the same year of publication, it ranks as a work cited above average. (source consulted: ESI Nov 13, 2025)

This information is reinforced by other indicators of the same type, which, although dynamic over time and dependent on the set of average global citations at the time of their calculation, consistently position the work at some point among the top 50% most cited in its field:

  • Weighted Average of Normalized Impact by the Scopus agency: 2.6 (source consulted: FECYT Mar 2025)

Specifically, and according to different indexing agencies, this work has accumulated citations as of 2026-04-25, the following number of citations:

  • WoS: 18
  • Scopus: 20
  • Google Scholar: 9
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Impact and social visibility

From the perspective of influence or social adoption, and based on metrics associated with mentions and interactions provided by agencies specializing in calculating the so-called "Alternative or Social Metrics," we can highlight as of 2026-04-25:

  • The use of this contribution in bookmarks, code forks, additions to favorite lists for recurrent reading, as well as general views, indicates that someone is using the publication as a basis for their current work. This may be a notable indicator of future more formal and academic citations. This claim is supported by the result of the "Capture" indicator, which yields a total of: 10 (PlumX).

It is essential to present evidence supporting full alignment with institutional principles and guidelines on Open Science and the Conservation and Dissemination of Intellectual Heritage. A clear example of this is:

  • The work has been submitted to a journal whose editorial policy allows open Open Access publication.
  • Assignment of a Handle/URN as an identifier within the deposit in the Institutional Repository: https://oa.upm.es/88798/

As a result of the publication of the work in the institutional repository, statistical usage data has been obtained that reflects its impact. In terms of dissemination, we can state that, as of

  • Views: 192
  • Downloads: 18
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