January 16, 2023
Publications
>
Article

A Proposal for Decentralized and Secured Data Collection from Unmanned Aerial Vehicles in Livestock Monitoring with Blockchain and IPFS

Publicated to: Applied Sciences-Basel. 13 (1): 471- - 2023-01-01 13(1), DOI: 10.3390/app13010471

Authors:

Ortega, JCU; Rodríguez-Molina, J; Martínez-Núñez, M; Garbajosa, J
[+]

Affiliations

Univ Politecn Madrid, Dept Org Engn Business Adm & Stat, Madrid 28040, Spain - Author
Univ Politecn Madrid, Dept Telemat & Elect Engn, Madrid 28040, Spain - Author
Univ Politecn Madrid, Higher Tech Sch Engn Informat Syst, Madrid 28040, Spain - Author
Universidad Politécnica de Madrid - Author
See more

Abstract

Featured Application: The presented work makes significant contributions towards setting the technologies, both in terms of hardware and software, required for the usage of Unmanned Aerial Vehicles in livestock monitoring in a secure, decentralized manner. Thus, secure livestock management, animal behaviour data collection or cattle tracking throughout a specific period are but a few of the applications that the proposed system can support. Livestock monitoring often requires human supervision to guide farm animals to a specific point and the displacement of workers to the places where these animals are, which is likely to be several kilometers away, thus resulting in a repetitive task that requires a significant amount of time and demands the usage of land vehicles capable of moving swiftly through the countryside. In addition to that, data collection about animal behaviour with such procedures is often insufficient and cannot be shared in a secure enough manner. This paper describes how Using Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAVs) tailored for this kind of task, when combined with other protocols and software technologies, can provide a useful to mitigate these issues. To prove this end, a functional prototype has been designed, built and tested, offering the operator accurate monitoring of farm facilities and animals. Additionally, security has been conceived as a cornerstone of the presented system from the very beginning. Not only the communication protocols used for this purpose have built-in security layers, but also InterPlanetary File System (IPFS) and blockchain have been used as the technologies that enhance data storage among peers in a network.
[+]

Keywords

blockchaininterplanetary file systemsmart farmingBlockchainInterplanetary file systemSmart farmingUavsUnmanned aerial vehicle

Quality index

Bibliometric impact. Analysis of the contribution and dissemination channel

The work has been published in the journal Applied Sciences-Basel due to its progression and the good impact it has achieved in recent years, according to the agency WoS (JCR), it has become a reference in its field. In the year of publication of the work, 2023, it was in position 44/181, thus managing to position itself as a Q1 (Primer Cuartil), in the category Engineering, Multidisciplinary.

From a relative perspective, and based on the normalized impact indicator calculated from World Citations from Scopus Elsevier, it yields a value for the Field-Weighted Citation Impact from the Scopus agency: 1.77, which indicates that, compared to works in the same discipline and in the same year of publication, it ranks as a work cited above average. (source consulted: ESI Nov 13, 2025)

Specifically, and according to different indexing agencies, this work has accumulated citations as of 2026-04-27, the following number of citations:

  • WoS: 8
  • Scopus: 11
[+]

Impact and social visibility

It is essential to present evidence supporting full alignment with institutional principles and guidelines on Open Science and the Conservation and Dissemination of Intellectual Heritage. A clear example of this is:

  • The work has been submitted to a journal whose editorial policy allows open Open Access publication.
  • Assignment of a Handle/URN as an identifier within the deposit in the Institutional Repository: https://oa.upm.es/87068/

As a result of the publication of the work in the institutional repository, statistical usage data has been obtained that reflects its impact. In terms of dissemination, we can state that, as of

  • Views: 250
  • Downloads: 137
[+]

Leadership analysis of institutional authors

There is a significant leadership presence as some of the institution’s authors appear as the first or last signer, detailed as follows: First Author (Ortega JCÚ) and Last Author (GARBAJOSA SOPEÑA, JUAN).

the author responsible for correspondence tasks has been RODRIGUEZ MOLINA, JESUS.

[+]