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Liver trauma: WSES 2020 guidelines

Publicated to:World Journal Of Emergency Surgery. 15 (1): - 2020-03-30 15(1), DOI: 10.1186/s13017-020-00302-7

Authors: Coccolini F; Coimbra R; Ordonez C; Kluger Y; Vega F; Moore EE; Biffl W; Peitzman A; Horer T; Abu-Zidan FM; Sartelli M; Fraga GP; Cicuttin E; Ansaloni L; Parra MW; Millán M; Deangelis N; Inaba K; Velmahos G; Maier R; Khokha V; Sakakushev B; Augustin G; Di Saverio S; Pikoulis E; Chirica M; Reva V; Leppaniemi A; Manchev V; Chiarugi M; Damaskos D; Weber D; Parry N; Demetrashvili Z; Civil I; Napolitano L; Corbella D; Catena F; Bahouth H; Tolonen M; Fugazzola P; Serna JJ; Rodriguez F; Garciá AF; Gonzalez A; Pino LF; Guzmán-Rodríguez M; Pereira BM; Kirkpatrick A; Mefire AC; Tarasconi A; Chiara O; Gomes CA; Galante J; Bala M; Perfetti P; MacHado F; Romeo O; Salvetti F; Ghiadoni L; Forfori F; Malacarne P; Pini S; Pucciarelli M; Ceresoli M; Arvieux C; Khokha D; Spain DA; Isik A

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Abstract

Liver injuries represent one of the most frequent life-threatening injuries in trauma patients. In determining the optimal management strategy, the anatomic injury, the hemodynamic status, and the associated injuries should be taken into consideration. Liver trauma approach may require non-operative or operative management with the intent to restore the homeostasis and the normal physiology. The management of liver trauma should be multidisciplinary including trauma surgeons, interventional radiologists, and emergency and ICU physicians. The aim of this paper is to present the World Society of Emergency Surgery (WSES) liver trauma management guidelines.

Keywords

AdultClassificationGuidelinesHemorrhageIntensive careInterventionalLiver traumaMinorModerateNon-operative managementOperative managementPediatricRadiologySevereSurgery

Quality index

Bibliometric impact. Analysis of the contribution and dissemination channel

The work has been published in the journal World Journal Of Emergency Surgery due to its progression and the good impact it has achieved in recent years, according to the agency WoS (JCR), it has become a reference in its field. In the year of publication of the work, 2020, it was in position 2/32, thus managing to position itself as a Q1 (Primer Cuartil), in the category Emergency Medicine. Notably, the journal is positioned above the 90th percentile.

From a relative perspective, and based on the normalized impact indicator calculated from World Citations from Scopus Elsevier, it yields a value for the Field-Weighted Citation Impact from the Scopus agency: 17.8, which indicates that, compared to works in the same discipline and in the same year of publication, it ranks as a work cited above average. (source consulted: ESI Nov 14, 2024)

This information is reinforced by other indicators of the same type, which, although dynamic over time and dependent on the set of average global citations at the time of their calculation, consistently position the work at some point among the top 50% most cited in its field:

  • Field Citation Ratio (FCR) from Dimensions: 70.7 (source consulted: Dimensions Jun 2025)

Specifically, and according to different indexing agencies, this work has accumulated citations as of 2025-06-07, the following number of citations:

  • Scopus: 178
  • OpenCitations: 173

Impact and social visibility

From the perspective of influence or social adoption, and based on metrics associated with mentions and interactions provided by agencies specializing in calculating the so-called "Alternative or Social Metrics," we can highlight as of 2025-06-07:

  • The use, from an academic perspective evidenced by the Altmetric agency indicator referring to aggregations made by the personal bibliographic manager Mendeley, gives us a total of: 355.
  • The use of this contribution in bookmarks, code forks, additions to favorite lists for recurrent reading, as well as general views, indicates that someone is using the publication as a basis for their current work. This may be a notable indicator of future more formal and academic citations. This claim is supported by the result of the "Capture" indicator, which yields a total of: 352 (PlumX).

With a more dissemination-oriented intent and targeting more general audiences, we can observe other more global scores such as:

  • The Total Score from Altmetric: 19.05.
  • The number of mentions on the social network Facebook: 5 (Altmetric).
  • The number of mentions on the social network X (formerly Twitter): 13 (Altmetric).

It is essential to present evidence supporting full alignment with institutional principles and guidelines on Open Science and the Conservation and Dissemination of Intellectual Heritage. A clear example of this is:

  • The work has been submitted to a journal whose editorial policy allows open Open Access publication.

Leadership analysis of institutional authors

This work has been carried out with international collaboration, specifically with researchers from: Australia; Brazil; Bulgaria; Byelorussia; Canada; Colombia; Croatia; Finland; France; Georgia; Greece; Israel; Italy; Mexico; New Zealand; Russia; South African Republic; Sweden; United Arab Emirates; United Kingdom; United States of America.