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Article

Bio-based chitosan-based film as a bifunctional fire-warning and humidity sensor

Publicated to:International Journal Of Biological Macromolecules. 253 (pt 3): 126466- - 2023-12-31 253(pt 3), DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2023.126466

Authors: Li, XL; Sáez, JSD; Du, SL; Díaz, RS; Ao, X; Wang, DY

Affiliations

IMDEA Mat Inst, C Eric Kandel 2, Getafe 28906, Madrid, Spain - Author
IMDEA Materials Institute - Author
IMDEA Materials Institute , Universidad Politécnica de Madrid - Author
Univ Politecn Madrid, Dept Ingn Elect Elect Automat & Fis Aplicada, ETSIDI, Ronda Valencia 3, Madrid 28012, Spain - Author
Univ Politecn Madrid, ETS Ingn Caminos, Calle Prof Aranguren 3, Madrid 28040, Spain - Author
Zoetech S.L. - Author
Zoetech SL, Calle Gaztambide 53, Madrid 28015, Spain - Author
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Abstract

Early fire detection is an efficient method to mitigate disastrous fire loss. However, developing smart low-temperature fire-warning sensors that better diminish fire hazards, especially those caused by household appliances, is still challenging. Herein, a salts-modified chitosan (salts-modified CS) based sensor with integrated fire-warning and humidity-monitoring capability is proposed using an easy assembling method. This sensor can respond to temperatures as low as 50 °C and a flame within 2 s quickly and detect relative humidity (RH) range above 50 % at 50 °C and 75 °C sensitively. This system can be reusable for multiple ignitions and works in high-humidity environments (>50 %). Furthermore, the comparison between different salts-modified CS films is carried out to elucidate the mechanism of the formation of electric current under the joint driven by temperature and humidity. Moreover, real-time temperature and RH monitoring can be achieved with a wireless transmission section. This design shows a promising approach for multifunctional CS-based sensors and paves a path to developing a new generation of smart fire-warning detectors.

Keywords

familyfire-warning sensorhumidity sensorhydrogelsproton conductivitystatesstrategywaterChitosanChitosan filmsCold temperatureFire-warning sensorHumidityHumidity sensorSaltsSilver nanoparticlesTemperature

Quality index

Bibliometric impact. Analysis of the contribution and dissemination channel

The work has been published in the journal International Journal Of Biological Macromolecules due to its progression and the good impact it has achieved in recent years, according to the agency WoS (JCR), it has become a reference in its field. In the year of publication of the work, 2023, it was in position 6/95, thus managing to position itself as a Q1 (Primer Cuartil), in the category Polymer Science. Notably, the journal is positioned above the 90th percentile.

From a relative perspective, and based on the normalized impact indicator calculated from World Citations provided by WoS (ESI, Clarivate), it yields a value for the citation normalization relative to the expected citation rate of: 1.21. This indicates that, compared to works in the same discipline and in the same year of publication, it ranks as a work cited above average. (source consulted: ESI Nov 14, 2024)

This information is reinforced by other indicators of the same type, which, although dynamic over time and dependent on the set of average global citations at the time of their calculation, consistently position the work at some point among the top 50% most cited in its field:

  • Weighted Average of Normalized Impact by the Scopus agency: 1.45 (source consulted: FECYT Feb 2024)
  • Field Citation Ratio (FCR) from Dimensions: 3.84 (source consulted: Dimensions Jun 2025)

Specifically, and according to different indexing agencies, this work has accumulated citations as of 2025-06-15, the following number of citations:

  • WoS: 8
  • Scopus: 11
  • Google Scholar: 7
  • OpenCitations: 2

Impact and social visibility

From the perspective of influence or social adoption, and based on metrics associated with mentions and interactions provided by agencies specializing in calculating the so-called "Alternative or Social Metrics," we can highlight as of 2025-06-15:

  • The use, from an academic perspective evidenced by the Altmetric agency indicator referring to aggregations made by the personal bibliographic manager Mendeley, gives us a total of: 9.
  • The use of this contribution in bookmarks, code forks, additions to favorite lists for recurrent reading, as well as general views, indicates that someone is using the publication as a basis for their current work. This may be a notable indicator of future more formal and academic citations. This claim is supported by the result of the "Capture" indicator, which yields a total of: 9 (PlumX).

With a more dissemination-oriented intent and targeting more general audiences, we can observe other more global scores such as:

  • The Total Score from Altmetric: 0.5.
  • The number of mentions on the social network X (formerly Twitter): 1 (Altmetric).

Leadership analysis of institutional authors

There is a significant leadership presence as some of the institution’s authors appear as the first or last signer, detailed as follows: First Author (LI, XIN) .