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Grant support

This work has been granted by the EICACS (European Initiative for Collaborative Air Combat Standardisation) project of the Horizon Europe programme of the European Commission, under grant agreement No. 101103669. The work of Paulo Novais is financed by National Funds through the Portuguese funding agency, FCT-Fundacao para a Ciencia e a Tecnologia within project DSAIPA/AI/0099/2019.

Analysis of institutional authors

González-Sendino, RAuthorSerrano, EAuthorBajo, JAuthor

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February 13, 2024
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A Review of Bias and Fairness in Artificial Intelligence

Publicated to:International Journal Of Interactive Multimedia And Artificial Intelligence. 9 (1): 5-17 - 2024-12-01 9(1), DOI: 10.9781/ijimai.2023.11.001

Authors: González-Sendino, R; Serrano, E; Bajo, J; Novais, P

Affiliations

Univ Minho, ALGORITMI Res Ctr, LASI, Braga, Portugal - Author
Univ Politecn Madrid, Dept Inteligencia Artificial, ETSI Informat, Ontol Engn Grp, Madrid 28660, Spain - Author

Abstract

Automating decision systems has led to hidden biases in the use of artificial intelligence (AI). Consequently, explaining these decisions and identifying responsibilities has become a challenge. As a result, a new field of research on algorithmic fairness has emerged. In this area, detecting biases and mitigating them is essential to ensure fair and discrimination-free decisions. This paper contributes with: (1) a categorization of biases and how these are associated with different phases of an AI model's development (including the data-generation phase); (2) a revision of fairness metrics to audit the data and AI models trained with them (considering agnostic models when focusing on fairness); and, (3) a novel taxonomy of the procedures to mitigate biases in the different phases of an AI model's development (pre-processing, training, and post-processing) with the addition of transversal actions that help to produce fairer models.

Keywords

BiasFairnessResponsible artificial intelligence

Quality index

Bibliometric impact. Analysis of the contribution and dissemination channel

The work has been published in the journal International Journal Of Interactive Multimedia And Artificial Intelligence due to its progression and the good impact it has achieved in recent years, according to the agency Scopus (SJR), it has become a reference in its field. In the year of publication of the work, 2024 there are still no calculated indicators, but in 2023, it was in position , thus managing to position itself as a Q2 (Segundo Cuartil), in the category Computer Networks and Communications. Notably, the journal is positioned en el Cuartil Q3 for the agency WoS (JCR) in the category Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications.

Independientemente del impacto esperado determinado por el canal de difusión, es importante destacar el impacto real observado de la propia aportación.

Según las diferentes agencias de indexación, el número de citas acumuladas por esta publicación hasta la fecha 2025-08-01:

  • WoS: 6
  • Scopus: 8

Impact and social visibility

From the perspective of influence or social adoption, and based on metrics associated with mentions and interactions provided by agencies specializing in calculating the so-called "Alternative or Social Metrics," we can highlight as of 2025-08-01:

  • The use of this contribution in bookmarks, code forks, additions to favorite lists for recurrent reading, as well as general views, indicates that someone is using the publication as a basis for their current work. This may be a notable indicator of future more formal and academic citations. This claim is supported by the result of the "Capture" indicator, which yields a total of: 107 (PlumX).

It is essential to present evidence supporting full alignment with institutional principles and guidelines on Open Science and the Conservation and Dissemination of Intellectual Heritage. A clear example of this is:

  • The work has been submitted to a journal whose editorial policy allows open Open Access publication.
  • Additionally, the work has been submitted to a journal classified as Diamond in relation to this type of editorial policy.

Leadership analysis of institutional authors

This work has been carried out with international collaboration, specifically with researchers from: Portugal.

There is a significant leadership presence as some of the institution’s authors appear as the first or last signer, detailed as follows: First Author (GONZÁLEZ SENDINO, RUBÉN) .