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This work was supported by European Research Council (ERC) through European Union's Horizon Europe Research and Innovation Program under Grant 101054098.

Analysis of institutional authors

Herranz, A De GraciaAuthorLopez-Vallejo, MAuthor

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November 12, 2024
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Article
Hybrid Gold

Differential Phase Change Memory (PCM) Cell for Drift-Compensated In-Memory Computing

Publicated to:Ieee Transactions On Electron Devices. 71 (12): 7447-7453 - 2024-12-01 71(12), DOI: 10.1109/TED.2024.3480898

Authors: Pistolesi, L; Ravelli, L; Glukhov, A; Herranz, A de Gracia; Herranz, AD; Lopez-Vallejo, M; Carissimi, M; Pasotti, M; Rolandi, P L; Rolandi, PL; Redaelli, A; Martin, I Munoz; Martin, IM; Bianchi, S; Bonfanti, A; Ielmini, D

Affiliations

IU NET, Dipartimento Elettron Informaz & Bioingn DEIB, Politecn Milano, I-20133 Milan, Italy - Author
Technol Res & Dev, STMicroelectorn, I-20864 Agrate Brianza, Italy - Author
Univ Politecn Madrid UPM, Dept Elect Engn, Madrid 28040, Spain - Author

Abstract

Phase change memory (PCM) is a scalable, reliable, and robust technology for embedded and stand-alone memory device. PCM has also been extensively demonstrated for analog in-memory computing (IMC), which allows energy-efficient acceleration of AI workloads. High-temperature data retention requirements in PCM devices are met by Ge-rich GeSbTe (GST), which allows to satisfy consumer-and automotive-grade reliability specifications. However, Ge-rich GST suffers from set state drift, which affects the stability of the multilevel cell (MLC), hence the accuracy of IMC. This work presents: 1) a novel multilevel programming algorithm from weak reset state to prevent conductance instabilities; 2) a drift compensation scheme through a differential weight approach, validated on matrix-vector multiplication (MVM) after high-temperature annealing; and 3) a detailed study of the impact of PCM variability and weight quantization on hardware implementation of neural networks.

Keywords

Drift compensationIn-memory computing (imc)Multilevel cell (mlc)Neural networks acceleratorPhase change memory (pcmPhase change memory (pcm)

Quality index

Bibliometric impact. Analysis of the contribution and dissemination channel

The work has been published in the journal Ieee Transactions On Electron Devices due to its progression and the good impact it has achieved in recent years, according to the agency WoS (JCR), it has become a reference in its field. In the year of publication of the work, 2024 there are still no calculated indicators, but in 2023, it was in position 71/187, thus managing to position itself as a Q2 (Segundo Cuartil), in the category Physics, Applied. Notably, the journal is positioned en el Cuartil Q2 para la agencia Scopus (SJR) en la categoría Electronic, Optical and Magnetic Materials.

Independientemente del impacto esperado determinado por el canal de difusión, es importante destacar el impacto real observado de la propia aportación.

Según las diferentes agencias de indexación, el número de citas acumuladas por esta publicación hasta la fecha 2025-08-25:

  • Scopus: 1

Impact and social visibility

From the perspective of influence or social adoption, and based on metrics associated with mentions and interactions provided by agencies specializing in calculating the so-called "Alternative or Social Metrics," we can highlight as of 2025-08-25:

  • The use of this contribution in bookmarks, code forks, additions to favorite lists for recurrent reading, as well as general views, indicates that someone is using the publication as a basis for their current work. This may be a notable indicator of future more formal and academic citations. This claim is supported by the result of the "Capture" indicator, which yields a total of: 5 (PlumX).

It is essential to present evidence supporting full alignment with institutional principles and guidelines on Open Science and the Conservation and Dissemination of Intellectual Heritage. A clear example of this is:

  • The work has been submitted to a journal whose editorial policy allows open Open Access publication.
  • Assignment of a Handle/URN as an identifier within the deposit in the Institutional Repository: https://oa.upm.es/87387/

As a result of the publication of the work in the institutional repository, statistical usage data has been obtained that reflects its impact. In terms of dissemination, we can state that, as of

  • Views: 39
  • Downloads: 29

Leadership analysis of institutional authors

This work has been carried out with international collaboration, specifically with researchers from: Italy.