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González-Romero, JAuthor

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December 19, 2024
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Fire Vulnerability, Resilience, and Recovery Rates of Mediterranean Pine Forests Using a 33-Year Time Series of Satellite Imagery

Publicated to: Remote Sensing. 16 (10): 1718- - 2024-05-01 16(10), DOI: 10.3390/rs16101718

Authors:

Peña-Molina, E; Moya, D; Marino, E; Tomé, JL; Fajardo-Cantos, A; González-Romero, J; Lucas-Borja, ME; de las Heras, J
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Affiliations

AGRESTA Soc Cooperat, C Duque Fernan Nunez 2 - Author
Tech Univ Madrid, Dept Forestry & Environm Engn & Management - Author
Univ Castilla La Mancha, High Tech Sch Agr & Forestry Engn & Biotechnol, Forest Ecol Res Grp ECOFOR, Univ Campus S-N - Author
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Abstract

The modification of fire regimes and their impact on vegetation recovery, soil properties, and fuel structure are current key research areas that attempt to identify the thresholds of vegetation's susceptibility to wildfires. This study aimed to evaluate the vulnerability of Mediterranean pine forests (Pinus halepensis Mill. and Pinus pinaster Aiton) to wildfires, analyzing two major forest fires that occurred in Yeste (Spain) in 1994 and 2017, affecting over 14,000 and 3200 hectares, respectively. Four recovery regions were identified based on fire severity-calculated using the delta Normalized Burn Ratio (dNBR) index-and recurrence: areas with high severity in 2017 but not in 1994 (UB94-HS17), areas with high severity in 1994 but not in 2017 (HS94-UB17), areas with high severity in both fires (HS94-HS17), and areas unaffected by either fire (UB94-UB17). The analysis focused on examining the recovery patterns of three spectral indices-the Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI), Normalized Moisture Index (NDMI), and Normalized Burn Ratio (NBR)-using the Google Earth Engine platform from 1990 to 2023. Additionally, the Relative Recovery Indicator (RRI), the Ratio of Eighty Percent (R80P), and the Year-on-Year average (YrYr) metrics were computed to assess the spectral recovery rates by region. These three spectral indices showed similar dynamic responses to fire. However, the Mann-Kendall and unit root statistical tests revealed that the NDVI and NDMI exhibited distinct trends, particularly in areas with recurrence (HS94-HS17). The NDVI outperformed the NBR and NDMI in distinguishing variations among regions. These results suggest accelerated vegetation spectral regrowth in the short term. The Vegetation Recovery Capacity After Fire (VRAF) index showed values from low to moderate, while the Vulnerability to Fire (V2FIRE) index exhibited values from medium to high across all recovery regions. These findings enhance our understanding of how vegetation recovers from fire and how vulnerable it is to fire.
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Keywords

Burn severityCloud computingCloud-computingCommunity resilienceDeforestationDynamicsEcological vulnerabilityEnginesFire hazardsFiresForest managementGoogle earth engineGoogle earthsManagementMediterranean pinesMoisture indexNormalized difference vegetation indexPine forestPreventionRecoveryRecovery rateRemote sensingRemote-sensingSatellite imagerySoil-erosionVariabilityVegetationVegetation recoveryWildfireWildfires

Quality index

Bibliometric impact. Analysis of the contribution and dissemination channel

The work has been published in the journal Remote Sensing due to its progression and the good impact it has achieved in recent years, according to the agency WoS (JCR), it has become a reference in its field. In the year of publication of the work, 2024 there are still no calculated indicators, but in 2023, it was in position 47/258, thus managing to position itself as a Q1 (Primer Cuartil), in the category Geosciences, Multidisciplinary.

Independientemente del impacto esperado determinado por el canal de difusión, es importante destacar el impacto real observado de la propia aportación.

Según las diferentes agencias de indexación, el número de citas acumuladas por esta publicación hasta la fecha 2026-04-26:

  • WoS: 10
  • Scopus: 11
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Impact and social visibility

From the perspective of influence or social adoption, and based on metrics associated with mentions and interactions provided by agencies specializing in calculating the so-called "Alternative or Social Metrics," we can highlight as of 2026-04-26:

  • The use, from an academic perspective evidenced by the Altmetric agency indicator referring to aggregations made by the personal bibliographic manager Mendeley, gives us a total of: 50.
  • The use of this contribution in bookmarks, code forks, additions to favorite lists for recurrent reading, as well as general views, indicates that someone is using the publication as a basis for their current work. This may be a notable indicator of future more formal and academic citations. This claim is supported by the result of the "Capture" indicator, which yields a total of: 49 (PlumX).

With a more dissemination-oriented intent and targeting more general audiences, we can observe other more global scores such as:

  • The Total Score from Altmetric: 3.
  • The number of mentions on the social network X (formerly Twitter): 5 (Altmetric).

It is essential to present evidence supporting full alignment with institutional principles and guidelines on Open Science and the Conservation and Dissemination of Intellectual Heritage. A clear example of this is:

  • The work has been submitted to a journal whose editorial policy allows open Open Access publication.
  • Assignment of a Handle/URN as an identifier within the deposit in the Institutional Repository: https://oa.upm.es/89850/

As a result of the publication of the work in the institutional repository, statistical usage data has been obtained that reflects its impact. In terms of dissemination, we can state that, as of

  • Views: 132
  • Downloads: 132
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