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A control oriented strategy of disruption prediction to avoid the configuration collapse of tokamak reactors

Publicated to:Nature Communications. 15 (1): 2424- - 2024-03-18 15(1), DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-46242-7

Authors: Murari, A; Rossi, R; Craciunescu, T; Vega, J; Gelfusa, M; Mailloux, J; Abid, N; Abraham, K; Abreu, P; Adabonyan, O; Adrich, P; Afanasev, V; Afzal, M; Ahlgren, T; Aho-Mantila, L; Aiba, N; Airila, M; Akhtar, M; Albanese, R; Alderson-Martin, M; Alegre, D; Aleiferis, S; Aleksa, A; Alekseev, AG; Alessi, E; Aleynikov, P; Algualcil, J; Ali, M; Allinson, M; Alper, B; Alves, E; Ambrosino, G; Ambrosino, R; Amosov, V; Sundén, EA; Andrew, P; Angelini, BM; Angioni, C; Antoniou, I; Appel, LC; Appelbee, C; Aria, S; Ariola, M; Artaserse, G; Arter, W; Artigues, V; Asakura, N; Ash, A; Ashikawa, N; Aslanyan, V; Astrain, M; Asztalos, O; Auld, D; Auriemma, F; Austin, Y; Avotina, L; Aymerich, E; Baciero, A; Bairaktaris, F; Balbin, J; Balbinot, L; Balboa, I; Balden, M; Balshaw, C; Balshaw, N; Bandaru, VK; Banks, J; Baranov, YF; Barcellona, C; Barnard, A; Barnard, M; Barnsley, R; Barth, A; Baruzzo, M; Barwell, S; Bassan, M; Batista, A; Batistoni, P; Baumane, L; Bauvir, B; Baylor, L; Beaumont, PS; Beckett, D; Begolli, A; Beidler, M; Bekris, N; Beldishevski, M; Belli, E; Belli, F; Belonohy, É; Ben Yaala, M; Benayas, J; Bentley, J; Bergsåker, H; Bernardo, J; Bernert, M; Berry, M; Bertalot, L; Betar, H; Beurskens, M; Bickerton, S; Bieg, B; Bielecki, J; Bierwage, A; Biewer, T; Bilato, R; Bílková, P; Birkenmeier, G; Bishop, H; Bizarro, JPS; Blackburn, J; Blanchard, P; Blatchford, P; Bobkov, V; Boboc, A; Bohm, P; Bohm, T; Bolshakova, I; Bolzonella, T; Bonanomi, N; Bonfiglio, D; Bonnin, X; Bonofiglo, P; Boocock, S; Booth, A; Booth, J; Borba, D; Borodin, D; Borodkina, I; Boulbe, C; Bourdelle, C; Bowden, M; Boyd, K; Mihalic, IB; Bradnam, SC; Braic, V; Brandt, L; Bravanec, R; Breizman, B; Brett, A; Brezinsek, S; Brix, M; Bromley, K; Brown, B; Brunetti, D; Buckingham, R; Buckley, M; Budny, R; Buermans, J; Bufferand, H; Buratti, P; Burgess, A; Buscarino, A; Busse, A; Butcher, D; de la Cal, E; Calabrò, G; Calacci, L; Calado, R; Camenen, Y; Canal, G; Cannas, B; Cappelli, M; Carcangiu, S; Card, P; Cardinali, A; 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Affiliations

Abstract

The objective of thermonuclear fusion consists of producing electricity from the coalescence of light nuclei in high temperature plasmas. The most promising route to fusion envisages the confinement of such plasmas with magnetic fields, whose most studied configuration is the tokamak. Disruptions are catastrophic collapses affecting all tokamak devices and one of the main potential showstoppers on the route to a commercial reactor. In this work we report how, deploying innovative analysis methods on thousands of JET experiments covering the isotopic compositions from hydrogen to full tritium and including the major D-T campaign, the nature of the various forms of collapse is investigated in all phases of the discharges. An original approach to proximity detection has been developed, which allows determining both the probability of and the time interval remaining before an incoming disruption, with adaptive, from scratch, real time compatible techniques. The results indicate that physics based prediction and control tools can be developed, to deploy realistic strategies of disruption avoidance and prevention, meeting the requirements of the next generation of devices. Confining plasma and managing disruptions in tokamak devices is a challenge. Here the authors demonstrate a method predicting and possibly preventing disruptions and macroscopic instabilities in tokamak plasma using data from JET.

Keywords