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Arrieta, Marina PAuthor

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October 7, 2025
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Valorization of Avocado Seeds for Active Packaging: Comparative Analysis of Extracted Starch- and Seed Flour-Based Materials with Cinnamon Essential Oil

Publicated to: Polysaccharides. 6 (3): 83- - 2025-09-10 6(3), DOI: 10.3390/polysaccharides6030083

Authors:

Muñoz-Gimena, PF; Aragón-Gutierrez, A; Blázquez-Blázquez, E; Arrieta, MP; Peponi, L; López, D
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Affiliations

Inst Ciencia & Tecnol Polimeros ICTP CSIC, C Juan de la Cierva 3, Madrid 28006, Spain - Author
Unidad Asociada CSIC, Grp Tecnol Mat & Envases, Inst Tecnol Embalaje Transporte & Logist ITENE, C Albert Einstein 1, Valencia 46980, Spain - Author
Univ Politecn Madrid ETSII UPM, Escuela Tecn Super Ingn Ind, Dept Ingn Quim Ind & Medio Ambiente, C Jose Gutierrez Abascal 2, Madrid 28006, Spain - Author
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Abstract

This work aims to develop bio-based and biodegradable materials for active food packaging purposes by comparing the properties of avocado seed flour (ASF) and avocado extracted starch (AES). A 36.4% dry basis yield is obtained for the extracted AES from ASF. ASF presents a higher crystallinity, and SEM images show a mixture of starch granules and other materials, whereas AES presents lower ash, protein, and lipid content relative to ASF. To make a comparison between the two, ASF or AES are mixed with glycerol at different concentrations, then twin-screw extruded and injection-molded to develop thermoplastic starch-based materials. The morphological, mechanical, barrier, antioxidant, antimicrobial, and disintegrability properties are evaluated to compare their different compositions. ASF-based films exhibit better barrier properties and a 134% higher intrinsic antioxidant capacity. Conversely, the homogenous nature of AES-based materials results in better interactions with the plasticizer, allowing a wide range of mechanical properties. Moreover, cinnamon essential oil (CEO) was incorporated into the preferred compositions of both ASF and AES to improve antimicrobial properties. Adding a 5% concentration of CEO to samples was sufficient to completely inhibit the growth of P. expansum. These results support waste valorization for developing active packaging materials with high antioxidant and antimicrobial properties without competing for resources with the food industry.
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Keywords

Active packagingAntioxidantAvocado seedChitosanCinnamon oilExtrusionFilmsFlourGlycerolMechanical-propertiesPlasticized starchPolar compoundsThermoplastic starch

Quality index

Bibliometric impact. Analysis of the contribution and dissemination channel

The work has been published in the journal Polysaccharides due to its progression and the good impact it has achieved in recent years, according to the agency WoS (JCR), it has become a reference in its field. In the year of publication of the work, 2025, it was in position 12/94, thus managing to position itself as a Q1 (Primer Cuartil), in the category Polymer Science.

Independientemente del impacto esperado determinado por el canal de difusión, es importante destacar el impacto real observado de la propia aportación.

Según las diferentes agencias de indexación, el número de citas acumuladas por esta publicación hasta la fecha 2026-04-25:

  • WoS: 1
  • Scopus: 1
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Impact and social visibility

From the perspective of influence or social adoption, and based on metrics associated with mentions and interactions provided by agencies specializing in calculating the so-called "Alternative or Social Metrics," we can highlight as of 2026-04-25:

  • The use, from an academic perspective evidenced by the Altmetric agency indicator referring to aggregations made by the personal bibliographic manager Mendeley, gives us a total of: 15.
  • The use of this contribution in bookmarks, code forks, additions to favorite lists for recurrent reading, as well as general views, indicates that someone is using the publication as a basis for their current work. This may be a notable indicator of future more formal and academic citations. This claim is supported by the result of the "Capture" indicator, which yields a total of: 14 (PlumX).

With a more dissemination-oriented intent and targeting more general audiences, we can observe other more global scores such as:

  • The Total Score from Altmetric: 1.
  • The number of mentions on the social network X (formerly Twitter): 1 (Altmetric).

It is essential to present evidence supporting full alignment with institutional principles and guidelines on Open Science and the Conservation and Dissemination of Intellectual Heritage. A clear example of this is:

  • The work has been submitted to a journal whose editorial policy allows open Open Access publication.
  • Assignment of a Handle/URN as an identifier within the deposit in the Institutional Repository: https://oa.upm.es/95035/

As a result of the publication of the work in the institutional repository, statistical usage data has been obtained that reflects its impact. In terms of dissemination, we can state that, as of

  • Views: 28
  • Downloads: 4
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