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Grant support

This work was supported by the Spanish Ministry of Education and Science under Consolider Project RUE CSD2009-00046 and Project DPI2010-21110-C02-0, and the European Regional Development Fund (ERDF) Grants. Recommended for publication by Associate Editor Y. Xing.

Analysis of institutional authors

Javier Ortega-Gonzalez, FranciscoAuthorPatino, MoisesAuthor

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Article

Design of a Two-Phase Buck Converter With Fourth-Order Output Filter for Envelope Amplifiers of Limited Bandwidth

Publicated to:Ieee Transactions On Power Electronics. 29 (11): 5933-5948 - 2014-01-01 29(11), DOI: 10.1109/TPEL.2013.2295035

Authors: Sebastian, Javier; Fernandez-Miaja, Pablo; Javier Ortega-Gonzalez, Francisco; Patino, Moises; Rodriguez, Miguel;

Affiliations

Univ Colorado, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Boulder, CO 80309 USA - Author
Univ Oviedo, Grp Sistemas Elect Alimentac SEA, Gijon 33204, Spain - Author
Univ Politecn Madrid, Radio Engn Grp GIRA, E-28006 Madrid, Spain - Author

Abstract

The use of techniques such as envelope tracking (ET) and envelope elimination and restoration (EER) can improve the efficiency of radio frequency power amplifiers (RFPA). In both cases, high-bandwidth DC/DC converters called envelope amplifiers (EA) are used to modulate the supply voltage of the RFPA. This paper addresses the analysis and design of a modified two-phase Buck converter optimized to operate as EA. The effects of multiphase operation on the tracking capabilities are analyzed. The use of a fourth-order output filter is proposed to increase the attenuation of the harmonics generated by the PWM operation, thus allowing a reduction of the ratio between the switching frequency and the converter bandwidth. The design of the output filter is addressed considering envelope tracking accuracy and distortion caused by the side bands arising from the nonlinear modulation process. Finally, the proposed analysis and design methods are supported by simulation results, as well as demonstrated by experiments obtained using two 100-W, 10-MHz, two-phase Buck EAs capable of accurately tracking a 1.5-MHz bandwidth OFDM signal.

Keywords

Dc-dc power convertersHarmonic filtersHigh-efficiencyPower conversion harmonicsPulse width modulation convertersRadiofrequency amplifiersRf power-amplifierSupply voltageTracking applicationsTransmitter

Quality index

Bibliometric impact. Analysis of the contribution and dissemination channel

The work has been published in the journal Ieee Transactions On Power Electronics due to its progression and the good impact it has achieved in recent years, according to the agency WoS (JCR), it has become a reference in its field. In the year of publication of the work, 2014, it was in position 3/248, thus managing to position itself as a Q1 (Primer Cuartil), in the category Engineering, Electrical & Electronic.

From a relative perspective, and based on the normalized impact indicator calculated from World Citations provided by WoS (ESI, Clarivate), it yields a value for the citation normalization relative to the expected citation rate of: 1.47. This indicates that, compared to works in the same discipline and in the same year of publication, it ranks as a work cited above average. (source consulted: ESI Nov 14, 2024)

This information is reinforced by other indicators of the same type, which, although dynamic over time and dependent on the set of average global citations at the time of their calculation, consistently position the work at some point among the top 50% most cited in its field:

  • Weighted Average of Normalized Impact by the Scopus agency: 1.75 (source consulted: FECYT Feb 2024)
  • Field Citation Ratio (FCR) from Dimensions: 11.97 (source consulted: Dimensions Jun 2025)

Specifically, and according to different indexing agencies, this work has accumulated citations as of 2025-06-14, the following number of citations:

  • WoS: 41
  • Scopus: 48
  • OpenCitations: 43

Impact and social visibility

From the perspective of influence or social adoption, and based on metrics associated with mentions and interactions provided by agencies specializing in calculating the so-called "Alternative or Social Metrics," we can highlight as of 2025-06-14:

  • The use of this contribution in bookmarks, code forks, additions to favorite lists for recurrent reading, as well as general views, indicates that someone is using the publication as a basis for their current work. This may be a notable indicator of future more formal and academic citations. This claim is supported by the result of the "Capture" indicator, which yields a total of: 29 (PlumX).

It is essential to present evidence supporting full alignment with institutional principles and guidelines on Open Science and the Conservation and Dissemination of Intellectual Heritage. A clear example of this is:

  • The work has been submitted to a journal whose editorial policy allows open Open Access publication.

Leadership analysis of institutional authors

This work has been carried out with international collaboration, specifically with researchers from: United States of America.