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Grant support

The research leading to the presented results has been partially undertaken within the SWAMRs European project (Smart and Networking Underwater Robots in Cooperation Meshes), under Grant Agreement n. 662107-SWARMs-ECSEL-2014-1, partially supported by the ECSEL JU and the Spanish Ministry of Economy and Competitiveness (Ref: PCIN-2014-022-C02-02), and also supported by the China Scholarship Council (CSC).

Analysis of institutional authors

Castillejo Parrilla, PedroAuthorMartinez Ortega, Jose FernanAuthorLucas Martinez, NestorAuthor

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Article

A Rule-Based Reasoner for Underwater Robots Using OWL and SWRL

Publicated to:Sensors. 18 (10): E3481- - 2018-10-16 18(10), DOI: 10.3390/s18103481

Authors: Zhai, Zhaoyu; Martinez Ortega, Jose-Fernan; Lucas Martinez, Nestor; Castillejo, Pedro

Affiliations

Abstract

Web Ontology Language (OWL) is designed to represent varied knowledge about things and the relationships of things. It is widely used to express complex models and address information heterogeneity of specific domains, such as underwater environments and robots. With the help of OWL, heterogeneous underwater robots are able to cooperate with each other by exchanging information with the same meaning and robot operators can organize the coordination easier. However, OWL has expressivity limitations on representing general rules, especially the statement If ... Then ... Else .... Fortunately, the Semantic Web Rule Language (SWRL) has strong rule representation capabilities. In this paper, we propose a rule-based reasoner for inferring and providing query services based on OWL and SWRL. SWRL rules are directly inserted into the ontologies by several steps of model transformations instead of using a specific editor. In the verification experiments, the SWRL rules were successfully and efficiently inserted into the OWL-based ontologies, obtaining completely correct query results. This rule-based reasoner is a promising approach to increase the inference capability of ontology-based models and it achieves significant contributions when semantic queries are done.

Keywords

ontology languagesrule-based reasoningsemantic representationswrl rulesDesignOntologyOntology languagesRule-based reasoningSemantic representationSemantic webSwrl rulesSystemTechnologiesUnderwater robots

Quality index

Bibliometric impact. Analysis of the contribution and dissemination channel

The work has been published in the journal Sensors due to its progression and the good impact it has achieved in recent years, according to the agency WoS (JCR), it has become a reference in its field. In the year of publication of the work, 2018, it was in position 15/61, thus managing to position itself as a Q1 (Primer Cuartil), in the category Instruments & Instrumentation.

From a relative perspective, and based on the normalized impact indicator calculated from the Field Citation Ratio (FCR) of the Dimensions source, it yields a value of: 3.86, which indicates that, compared to works in the same discipline and in the same year of publication, it ranks as a work cited above average. (source consulted: Dimensions Jun 2025)

Specifically, and according to different indexing agencies, this work has accumulated citations as of 2025-06-09, the following number of citations:

  • WoS: 11
  • Scopus: 22
  • Europe PMC: 2
  • Google Scholar: 37
  • OpenCitations: 13

Impact and social visibility

From the perspective of influence or social adoption, and based on metrics associated with mentions and interactions provided by agencies specializing in calculating the so-called "Alternative or Social Metrics," we can highlight as of 2025-06-09:

  • The use of this contribution in bookmarks, code forks, additions to favorite lists for recurrent reading, as well as general views, indicates that someone is using the publication as a basis for their current work. This may be a notable indicator of future more formal and academic citations. This claim is supported by the result of the "Capture" indicator, which yields a total of: 53 (PlumX).

It is essential to present evidence supporting full alignment with institutional principles and guidelines on Open Science and the Conservation and Dissemination of Intellectual Heritage. A clear example of this is:

  • The work has been submitted to a journal whose editorial policy allows open Open Access publication.

Leadership analysis of institutional authors

There is a significant leadership presence as some of the institution’s authors appear as the first or last signer, detailed as follows: First Author (Zhai, ZY) .

the author responsible for correspondence tasks has been Zhai, ZY.