June 27, 2019
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Food consumption contribution to nitrogen pollution of cities in Northern and Southern Europe

Publicated to: Sustainable Cities and Society. 50 (UNSP 101655): 101655- - 2019-10-01 50(UNSP 101655), DOI: 10.1016/j.scs.2019.101655

Authors:

Martinez, S; Alvarez, S; Marin, RM; Delgado, MD
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Affiliations

Grupo de Ingeniería Estructural. Universidad Politécnica de Madrid - Author
INIA, Environm Dept, Madrid, Spain - Author
Instituto Nacional de Investigacion y Tecnologia Agraria y Alimentaria - Author
Univ Politecn Madrid, Dept Land Morphol & Engn, Madrid, Spain - Author
Univ Politecn Madrid, Dept Nat Syst & Resources, Madrid, Spain - Author
Universidad Politécnica de Madrid - Author
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Abstract

© 2019 Elsevier Ltd City-related nitrogen (N) loads pose a threat to the environment and alter its natural cycle. In this regard, citizen food consumption choices can have an essential impact on reducing N pollution. In this study, we present the first attempt to analyze the food N pollution of food consumed at city level. To this end, the nitrogen footprint (NF) concept is used, distinguishing between N released associated with consumption and N released associated with production. The food NF per capita and total food NF were obtained for six cities in Southern Europe (Athens, Lisbon, Marseille, Madrid, Rome, and Zagreb) and four cities in Northern Europe (Copenhagen, Helsinki, Oslo and Stockholm). Highly populated cities present a higher total food NF. However, the food NF per capita showed that Helsinki is the city with the highest N losses with 15.8 kg N released/cap/year. For both food NF, N losses from production accounted for an average of 94%. By adopting the recommendations of the healthy diet proposed by the World's Health Organization the average food NF is reduced by 31%. The findings of this study are relevant for reducing food consumer-induced N loads to the environment and promote sustainable development in cities.
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Keywords

DietEnvironmental impactsNitrogen footprintNitrogen lossesSustainable development

Quality index

Bibliometric impact. Analysis of the contribution and dissemination channel

The work has been published in the journal Sustainable Cities and Society due to its progression and the good impact it has achieved in recent years, according to the agency WoS (JCR), it has become a reference in its field. In the year of publication of the work, 2019, it was in position 5/63, thus managing to position itself as a Q1 (Primer Cuartil), in the category Construction & Building Technology. Notably, the journal is positioned above the 90th percentile.

Independientemente del impacto esperado determinado por el canal de difusión, es importante destacar el impacto real observado de la propia aportación.

Según las diferentes agencias de indexación, el número de citas acumuladas por esta publicación hasta la fecha 2026-04-24:

  • Google Scholar: 12
  • WoS: 11
  • Scopus: 12
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Impact and social visibility

From the perspective of influence or social adoption, and based on metrics associated with mentions and interactions provided by agencies specializing in calculating the so-called "Alternative or Social Metrics," we can highlight as of 2026-04-24:

  • The use, from an academic perspective evidenced by the Altmetric agency indicator referring to aggregations made by the personal bibliographic manager Mendeley, gives us a total of: 47.
  • The use of this contribution in bookmarks, code forks, additions to favorite lists for recurrent reading, as well as general views, indicates that someone is using the publication as a basis for their current work. This may be a notable indicator of future more formal and academic citations. This claim is supported by the result of the "Capture" indicator, which yields a total of: 47 (PlumX).

With a more dissemination-oriented intent and targeting more general audiences, we can observe other more global scores such as:

  • The Total Score from Altmetric: 2.
  • The number of mentions on the social network X (formerly Twitter): 2 (Altmetric).

It is essential to present evidence supporting full alignment with institutional principles and guidelines on Open Science and the Conservation and Dissemination of Intellectual Heritage. A clear example of this is:

  • Assignment of a Handle/URN as an identifier within the deposit in the Institutional Repository: https://oa.upm.es/92441/

As a result of the publication of the work in the institutional repository, statistical usage data has been obtained that reflects its impact. In terms of dissemination, we can state that, as of

  • Views: 30
  • Downloads: 1
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Leadership analysis of institutional authors

There is a significant leadership presence as some of the institution’s authors appear as the first or last signer, detailed as follows: First Author (MARTINEZ DELGADO, SARA) .

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Project objectives

El estudio persigue los siguientes objetivos: analizar la contaminación por nitrógeno (N) derivada del consumo de alimentos a nivel urbano en ciudades del Norte y Sur de Europa; determinar la huella de nitrógeno (NF) per cápita y total para diez ciudades seleccionadas; caracterizar la contribución relativa de las pérdidas de N asociadas a la producción y al consumo; comparar las diferencias en la huella de N entre ciudades altamente pobladas y menos pobladas; evaluar el impacto potencial de la adopción de una dieta saludable según la OMS en la reducción de la huella de N; y promover estrategias para disminuir la contaminación por nitrógeno inducida por el consumo alimentario, fomentando el desarrollo sostenible urbano.
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Most relevant results

El estudio analiza la contribución del consumo alimentario a la contaminación por nitrógeno (N) en ciudades del norte y sur de Europa mediante el concepto de huella de nitrógeno (NF). Los resultados más relevantes son: (1) las ciudades con mayor población presentan una huella total de nitrógeno alimentario más alta; (2) Helsinki registra la mayor huella per cápita con 15,8 kg N liberados por habitante y año; (3) en promedio, el 94% de las pérdidas de N se atribuyen a la producción de alimentos; (4) la adopción de una dieta saludable recomendada por la OMS reduciría la huella alimentaria promedio en un 31%. Estos hallazgos evidencian el impacto del consumo alimentario en la contaminación por nitrógeno urbana.
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