June 25, 2021
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Article

Dual-Comb Spectrometer Based on Gain-Switched Semiconductor Lasers and a Low-Cost Software-Defined Radio

Publicated to:Ieee Access. 9 92367-92373 - 2021-01-01 9(), DOI: 10.1109/ACCESS.2021.3091872

Authors: Quevedo-Galan, Clara; Perez-Serrano, Antonio; Lopez-Delgado, Ignacio E; Tijero, Jose Manuel G; Esquivias, Ignacio

Affiliations

CEMDATIC-E.T.S.I. Telecomunicación, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid (UPM), 28040 Madrid, Spain. - Author
CEMDATIC-E.T.S.I. Telecomunicación, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid (UPM), 28040 Madrid, Spain. (e-mail: clara.quevedo.galan@upm.es) - Author
Univ Politecn Madrid UPM, CEMDATIC ETSI Telecomun, Madrid 28040, Spain - Author
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Abstract

Dual-comb spectroscopy has become a topic of growing interest in recent years due to the advantages it offers in terms of frequency resolution, accuracy, acquisition speed, and signal-to-noise ratio, with respect to other existing spectroscopic techniques. In addition, its characteristic of mapping the optical frequencies into radio-frequency ranges opens up the possibility of using non-demanding digitizers. In this paper, we show that a low-cost software defined radio platform can be used as a receiver to obtain such signals accurately using a dual-comb spectrometer based on gain-switched semiconductor lasers. We compare its performance with that of a real-time digital oscilloscope, finding similar results for both digitizers. We measure an absorption line of a H13C14N cell and obtain that for an integration time of 1 s, the deviation obtained between the experimental data and the Voigt profile fitted to these data is around 0.97% using the low-cost digitizer while it is around 0.84% when using the high-end digitizer. The use of both technologies, semiconductor lasers and low-cost software defined radio platforms, can pave the way towards the development of cost-efficient dual-comb spectrometers.

Keywords

dual-comb spectroscopygas lasersgenerationmeasurement by laser beamoptical frequency comboptical pulsesoptical receiversradio frequencysemiconductor laserssoftware defined radiospectroscopyAnalog circuitsCostsDigitizersDual-comb spectroscopyFrequency resolutionsGain-switched semiconductor laserGas lasersLow-costsMeasurement by laser beamNatural frequenciesOptical frequency combOptical frequency combsOptical materialsOptical pulsesOptical receiversOptical-frequency combsRadioRadio frequencyRadio platformsRadio receiversSemiconductor lasersSignal processingSignal to noise ratioSoftware defined radioSoftware radioSoftware-defined radiosSpectrometersSpectroscopic techniqueSpectroscopy

Quality index

Bibliometric impact. Analysis of the contribution and dissemination channel

The work has been published in the journal Ieee Access due to its progression and the good impact it has achieved in recent years, according to the agency Scopus (SJR), it has become a reference in its field. In the year of publication of the work, 2021, it was in position , thus managing to position itself as a Q1 (Primer Cuartil), in the category Engineering (Miscellaneous).

From a relative perspective, and based on the normalized impact indicator calculated from the Field Citation Ratio (FCR) of the Dimensions source, it yields a value of: 3.19, which indicates that, compared to works in the same discipline and in the same year of publication, it ranks as a work cited above average. (source consulted: Dimensions Nov 2025)

Specifically, and according to different indexing agencies, this work has accumulated citations as of 2025-11-11, the following number of citations:

  • WoS: 5
  • Scopus: 12
  • Google Scholar: 11

Impact and social visibility

From the perspective of influence or social adoption, and based on metrics associated with mentions and interactions provided by agencies specializing in calculating the so-called "Alternative or Social Metrics," we can highlight as of 2025-11-11:

  • The use of this contribution in bookmarks, code forks, additions to favorite lists for recurrent reading, as well as general views, indicates that someone is using the publication as a basis for their current work. This may be a notable indicator of future more formal and academic citations. This claim is supported by the result of the "Capture" indicator, which yields a total of: 7 (PlumX).

It is essential to present evidence supporting full alignment with institutional principles and guidelines on Open Science and the Conservation and Dissemination of Intellectual Heritage. A clear example of this is:

  • The work has been submitted to a journal whose editorial policy allows open Open Access publication.
  • Assignment of a Handle/URN as an identifier within the deposit in the Institutional Repository: https://oa.upm.es/85458/

As a result of the publication of the work in the institutional repository, statistical usage data has been obtained that reflects its impact. In terms of dissemination, we can state that, as of

  • Views: 139
  • Downloads: 216

Leadership analysis of institutional authors

There is a significant leadership presence as some of the institution’s authors appear as the first or last signer, detailed as follows: First Author (PEREZ SERRANO, ANTONIO) and Last Author (ESQUIVIAS MOSCARDO, IGNACIO).

the authors responsible for correspondence tasks have been PEREZ SERRANO, ANTONIO and ESQUIVIAS MOSCARDO, IGNACIO.