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Impact on the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs)

Analysis of institutional authors

Alonso Perez-Chao, EnriqueCorresponding AuthorAlonso, ECorresponding AuthorLorenzo, AAuthorGomez, MaAuthor

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March 21, 2022
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Impact of COVID-19 Pandemic on HOME Advantage in Different European Professional Basketball Leagues

Publicated to:Perceptual And Motor Skills. 129 (2): 328-342 - 2022-01-27 129(2), DOI: 10.1177/00315125211072483

Authors: Alonso, Enrique; Lorenzo, Alberto; Ribas, Carlos; Angel Gomez, Miguel

Affiliations

European Univ Madrid, Sch Sports Sci, Madrid, Spain - Author
Univ Alfonso X El Sabio, Fac Sports Sci, Villanueva De La Canada, Spain - Author
Univ Politecn Madrid, Fac Ciencias Actividad Fis & Deporte, Martin Fierro 7, Madrid 28040, Spain - Author

Abstract

Our purpose in this study was to examine the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on home advantage (HA) in sports by comparing European professional basketball games in which spectators were present (pre-pandemic) with "ghost" games in which spectators were absent (during the pandemic). A secondary objective was to analyze how team ability interacted with HA by comparing HA affects pre-pandemic and during the pandemic in the context of differing team ability levels. We used Wilcoxon and Mann-Whitney U tests to identify HA through differences in home win percentages (HW%) between pre-pandemic and pandemic games. Additionally, we ran the Kruskal-Wallis test to identify HA and HW% differences between different team ability levels (high to low). Teams had higher HA and HW% pre-pandemic than during the pandemic. In turn, low level teams presented a higher HA compared to teams at other team ability levels. Thus, low level teams benefited more from playing at their home-court. However, low level teams showed lower HW% than medium and high team ability levels, showing that team ability is more important than HA in determining game outcomes.

Keywords

BasketballCoronavirusCovid-19Good health and well-beingHome court advantageHumansPandemicsTeam abilityTeam sportTeams

Quality index

Bibliometric impact. Analysis of the contribution and dissemination channel

The work has been published in the journal Perceptual And Motor Skills, and although the journal is classified in the quartile Q4 (Agencia WoS (JCR)), its regional focus and specialization in Psychology, Experimental, give it significant recognition in a specific niche of scientific knowledge at an international level.

From a relative perspective, and based on the normalized impact indicator calculated from World Citations provided by WoS (ESI, Clarivate), it yields a value for the citation normalization relative to the expected citation rate of: 3.74. This indicates that, compared to works in the same discipline and in the same year of publication, it ranks as a work cited above average. (source consulted: ESI Nov 14, 2024)

This information is reinforced by other indicators of the same type, which, although dynamic over time and dependent on the set of average global citations at the time of their calculation, consistently position the work at some point among the top 50% most cited in its field:

  • Weighted Average of Normalized Impact by the Scopus agency: 2.86 (source consulted: FECYT Feb 2024)
  • Field Citation Ratio (FCR) from Dimensions: 9.76 (source consulted: Dimensions Jul 2025)

Specifically, and according to different indexing agencies, this work has accumulated citations as of 2025-07-23, the following number of citations:

  • WoS: 25
  • Scopus: 22
  • Europe PMC: 7
  • Open Alex: 21

Impact and social visibility

From the perspective of influence or social adoption, and based on metrics associated with mentions and interactions provided by agencies specializing in calculating the so-called "Alternative or Social Metrics," we can highlight as of 2025-07-23:

  • The use, from an academic perspective evidenced by the Altmetric agency indicator referring to aggregations made by the personal bibliographic manager Mendeley, gives us a total of: 29.
  • The use of this contribution in bookmarks, code forks, additions to favorite lists for recurrent reading, as well as general views, indicates that someone is using the publication as a basis for their current work. This may be a notable indicator of future more formal and academic citations. This claim is supported by the result of the "Capture" indicator, which yields a total of: 32 (PlumX).

With a more dissemination-oriented intent and targeting more general audiences, we can observe other more global scores such as:

  • The Total Score from Altmetric: 2.6.
  • The number of mentions on the social network X (formerly Twitter): 4 (Altmetric).

It is essential to present evidence supporting full alignment with institutional principles and guidelines on Open Science and the Conservation and Dissemination of Intellectual Heritage. A clear example of this is:

  • Assignment of a Handle/URN as an identifier within the deposit in the Institutional Repository: https://oa.upm.es/82230/

As a result of the publication of the work in the institutional repository, statistical usage data has been obtained that reflects its impact. In terms of dissemination, we can state that, as of

  • Views: 78
  • Downloads: 8
Continuing with the social impact of the work, it is important to emphasize that, due to its content, it can be assigned to the area of interest of ODS 3 - Ensure healthy lives and promote well-being for all at all ages, with a probability of 89% according to the mBERT algorithm developed by Aurora University.

Leadership analysis of institutional authors

This work has been carried out with international collaboration, specifically with researchers from: Canada.

There is a significant leadership presence as some of the institution’s authors appear as the first or last signer, detailed as follows: First Author (Alonso Oset, Enrique) and Last Author (GOMEZ RUANO, MIGUEL ANGEL).

the authors responsible for correspondence tasks have been ALONSO PÉREZ-CHAO, ENRIQUE and Alonso Oset, Enrique.