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Review

Interaction Between Caffeine and Creatine When Used as Concurrent Ergogenic Supplements: A Systematic Review

Publicated to:International Journal Of Sport Nutrition And Exercise Metabolism. 32 (4): 285-295 - 2022-01-01 32(4), DOI: 10.1123/ijsnem.2021-0262

Authors: Elosegui, Sara; Lopez-Seoane, Jaime; Martinez-Ferran, Maria; Pareja-Galeano, Helios;

Affiliations

Red Espanola Invest Ejercicio Fis & Salud EXERNFi, Madrid, Spain - Author
Univ Autonoma Madrid, Dept Phys Educ Sport & Human Movement, Madrid, Spain - Author
Univ Europea Madrid, Fac Sports Sci, Madrid, Spain - Author
Univ Isabel & Castilla, Fac Hlth Sci, Burgos, Spain - Author
Univ Politecn Madrid, Fac Phys Act & Sport Sci INEF, Dept Hlth & Human Performance, ImFINE Res Grp, Madrid, Spain - Author
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Abstract

There is some controversy regarding the interactions between creatine (CRE) and caffeine (CAF) supplements. The aim of this systematic review was to study whether such ergogenic interaction occurs and to analyze the protocol to optimize their synchronous use. The PubMed, Web of Science, MEDLINE, CINAHL, and SPORTDiscus databases were searched until November 2021 following the PRISMA guidelines. Ten studies were included. Three studies observed that CRE loading before an acute dose of CAF before exercise did not interfere in the beneficial effect of CAF, whereas one study reported that only an acute supplementation (SUP) of CAF was beneficial but not the acute SUP of both. When chronic SUP with CRE + CAF was used, two studies reported that CAF interfered in the beneficial effect of CRE, whereas three studies did not report interaction between concurrent SUP, and one study reported synergy. Possible mechanisms of interaction are opposite effects on relaxation time and gastrointestinal distress derived from concurrent SUP. CRE loading does not seem to interfere in the acute effect of CAF. However, chronic SUP of CAF during CRE loading could interfere in the beneficial effect of CRE.

Keywords

AdultAthleteAthletic performanceCaffeineCoffeeControlled studyCreatineDietary supplementDietary supplementsDietary-supplementsErgogenic aidsExerciseFemaleGastrointestinal symptomHumanHumansMaleMuscle-relaxation timePerformancePerformance enhancing substancePerformance-enhancing substancesPhysical performanceQuality controlRandomized controlled trial (topic)ReviewSport nutritionSupplementationSystematic review

Quality index

Bibliometric impact. Analysis of the contribution and dissemination channel

The work has been published in the journal International Journal Of Sport Nutrition And Exercise Metabolism due to its progression and the good impact it has achieved in recent years, according to the agency Scopus (SJR), it has become a reference in its field. In the year of publication of the work, 2022, it was in position , thus managing to position itself as a Q1 (Primer Cuartil), in the category Medicine (Miscellaneous).

From a relative perspective, and based on the normalized impact indicator calculated from World Citations from Scopus Elsevier, it yields a value for the Field-Weighted Citation Impact from the Scopus agency: 1.11, which indicates that, compared to works in the same discipline and in the same year of publication, it ranks as a work cited above average. (source consulted: ESI Nov 14, 2024)

This information is reinforced by other indicators of the same type, which, although dynamic over time and dependent on the set of average global citations at the time of their calculation, consistently position the work at some point among the top 50% most cited in its field:

  • Field Citation Ratio (FCR) from Dimensions: 6.23 (source consulted: Dimensions Jun 2025)

Specifically, and according to different indexing agencies, this work has accumulated citations as of 2025-06-13, the following number of citations:

  • WoS: 3
  • Scopus: 10
  • Europe PMC: 2
  • OpenCitations: 8

Impact and social visibility

From the perspective of influence or social adoption, and based on metrics associated with mentions and interactions provided by agencies specializing in calculating the so-called "Alternative or Social Metrics," we can highlight as of 2025-06-13:

  • The use, from an academic perspective evidenced by the Altmetric agency indicator referring to aggregations made by the personal bibliographic manager Mendeley, gives us a total of: 53.
  • The use of this contribution in bookmarks, code forks, additions to favorite lists for recurrent reading, as well as general views, indicates that someone is using the publication as a basis for their current work. This may be a notable indicator of future more formal and academic citations. This claim is supported by the result of the "Capture" indicator, which yields a total of: 53 (PlumX).

With a more dissemination-oriented intent and targeting more general audiences, we can observe other more global scores such as:

  • The Total Score from Altmetric: 45.1.
  • The number of mentions on the social network X (formerly Twitter): 30 (Altmetric).
  • The number of mentions in news outlets: 3 (Altmetric).