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Article

Assessment of ground deformation and seismicity in two areas of intense hydrocarbon production in the Argentinian Patagonia

Publicated to:Scientific Reports. 12 (1): 19198- - 2022-01-01 12(1), DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-23160-6

Authors: Tamburini-Beliveau G; Grosso-Heredia JA; Béjar-Pizarro M; Pérez-López R; Portela J; Cismondi-Duarte M; Monserrat O

Affiliations

Centre Tecnologic de Telecomunicacions de Catalunya - Author
Centro de Investigación y Transferencia de la Provincia de Santa Cruz - Author
CONICET UNC, Inst Invest & Desarrollo Ingn Proc & Quim Aplicad, Cordoba, Argentina - Author
Consejo Nacl Invest Cient & Tecn, Ctr Invest & Transferencia Santa Cruz CIT SC, Lisandro de la Torre 860, Rio Gallegos, Argentina - Author
CSIC, Inst Geol & Minero Espana IGME, Rios Rosas 23, Madrid 28003, Spain - Author
CSIC-IGME - Instituto Geológico y Minero de España - Author
Ctr Tecnol Telecomunicac Catalunya, Dept Geomat, Carl Friedrich Gauss 7, Castelldefels, Spain - Author
Univ Comahue, Dept Geog, RA-1400 Buenos Aires, Neuquen, Argentina - Author
Univ Politecn Madrid, GI Terra Geomat Amenazas Nat & Riesgos, Mercator 2, Madrid 28031, Spain - Author
Universidad Nacional de Córdoba - Author
Universidad Nacional del Comahue - Author
Universidad Politécnica de Madrid - Author
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Abstract

The exploitation of both conventional and unconventional hydrocarbons may lead to still not well-known environmental consequences such as ground deformation and induced/triggered seismicity. Identifying and characterizing these effects is fundamental for prevention or mitigation purposes, especially when they impact populated areas. Two case studies of such effects on hydrocarbon-producing basins in Argentina, the Neuquén and the Golfo de San Jorge, are presented in this work. The intense hydrocarbon production activities in recent years and their potential link with the occurrence of two earthquakes of magnitude 4.9 and 5 near the operating well fields is assessed. A joint analysis of satellite radar interferometry and records of fluid injection and extraction demonstrate that, between 2017 and 2020, vertical ground displacements occurred in both study areas over active well fields that might indicate a correlation to hydrocarbon production activities. Coseismic deformation models of the two earthquakes constrain source depths to less than 2 km. The absence of seismicity before the beginning of the hydrocarbon activities in both areas, and the occurrence of the two largest and shallow earthquakes in the vicinity of the active well fields just after intensive production periods, points towards the potential association between both phenomena.

Keywords

earthquakesfaultfieldhazardinjectionmodelstress changesArgentinaEarthquakesHydrocarbonsInterferometryRadarSurface deformation

Quality index

Bibliometric impact. Analysis of the contribution and dissemination channel

The work has been published in the journal Scientific Reports due to its progression and the good impact it has achieved in recent years, according to the agency Scopus (SJR), it has become a reference in its field. In the year of publication of the work, 2022, it was in position , thus managing to position itself as a Q1 (Primer Cuartil), in the category Multidisciplinary. Notably, the journal is positioned above the 90th percentile.

From a relative perspective, and based on the normalized impact indicator calculated from the Field Citation Ratio (FCR) of the Dimensions source, it yields a value of: 2.75, which indicates that, compared to works in the same discipline and in the same year of publication, it ranks as a work cited above average. (source consulted: Dimensions Jun 2025)

Specifically, and according to different indexing agencies, this work has accumulated citations as of 2025-06-11, the following number of citations:

  • WoS: 1
  • Scopus: 5
  • OpenCitations: 5

Impact and social visibility

From the perspective of influence or social adoption, and based on metrics associated with mentions and interactions provided by agencies specializing in calculating the so-called "Alternative or Social Metrics," we can highlight as of 2025-06-11:

  • The use, from an academic perspective evidenced by the Altmetric agency indicator referring to aggregations made by the personal bibliographic manager Mendeley, gives us a total of: 18.
  • The use of this contribution in bookmarks, code forks, additions to favorite lists for recurrent reading, as well as general views, indicates that someone is using the publication as a basis for their current work. This may be a notable indicator of future more formal and academic citations. This claim is supported by the result of the "Capture" indicator, which yields a total of: 18 (PlumX).

With a more dissemination-oriented intent and targeting more general audiences, we can observe other more global scores such as:

  • The Total Score from Altmetric: 73.95.
  • The number of mentions on the social network X (formerly Twitter): 48 (Altmetric).
  • The number of mentions in news outlets: 4 (Altmetric).

It is essential to present evidence supporting full alignment with institutional principles and guidelines on Open Science and the Conservation and Dissemination of Intellectual Heritage. A clear example of this is:

  • The work has been submitted to a journal whose editorial policy allows open Open Access publication.

Leadership analysis of institutional authors

This work has been carried out with international collaboration, specifically with researchers from: Argentina.