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Impact on the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs)

Analysis of institutional authors

Liboreiro, Pablo RCorresponding Author

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November 28, 2022
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Estimating disguised unemployment in major middle-income countries by means of non-linear input-output analysis, 2000-2014

Publicated to: Economic Systems Research. 35 (4): 634-657 - 2023-10-02 35(4), DOI: 10.1080/09535314.2022.2135091

Authors:

Liboreiro, PR
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Affiliations

Tech Univ Madrid, Sch Civil Engn, Madrid, Spain - Author

Abstract

According to the disguised-unemployment hypothesis, significant wage differences between sectors in less-developed countries result from segmented labour markets and overcrowding of the flexible market segment. So stated, this hypothesis implies a way to measure non-open unemployment: by the amount of labour that must be withdrawn from the market for relative wages to change. Indeed, it is possible to undertake the exercise of comparing the actual employment of a country with a simulated 'non-dualistic' employment by means of a non-linear input-output model and taking the US wage structure as a benchmark. This simulation experiment was carried out for seven middle-income countries (Brazil, China, Indonesia, India, Russia, Mexico, and Turkey) using data from the 2016 Release of the World Input-Output Database. The results of the study are consistent with the disguised-unemployment hypothesis, as well as with related literature.
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Keywords

Decent work and economic growthDisguised unemploymentDualistic labour marketsLabor-marketsMiddle-income countriesModelsNon-linear input-output analysisNon-linear input–output analysisSegmentation

Quality index

Bibliometric impact. Analysis of the contribution and dissemination channel

The work has been published in the journal Economic Systems Research due to its progression and the good impact it has achieved in recent years, according to the agency WoS (JCR), it has become a reference in its field. In the year of publication of the work, 2023, it was in position 241/600, thus managing to position itself as a Q2 (Segundo Cuartil), in the category Economics. Notably, the journal is positioned en el Cuartil Q2 para la agencia Scopus (SJR) en la categoría Economics and Econometrics.

From a relative perspective, and based on the normalized impact indicator calculated from World Citations provided by WoS (ESI, Clarivate), it yields a value for the citation normalization relative to the expected citation rate of: 1.45. This indicates that, compared to works in the same discipline and in the same year of publication, it ranks as a work cited above average. (source consulted: ESI Nov 13, 2025)

Specifically, and according to different indexing agencies, this work has accumulated citations as of 2026-04-27, the following number of citations:

  • WoS: 5
  • Scopus: 5
  • Google Scholar: 9
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Impact and social visibility

From the perspective of influence or social adoption, and based on metrics associated with mentions and interactions provided by agencies specializing in calculating the so-called "Alternative or Social Metrics," we can highlight as of 2026-04-27:

  • The use, from an academic perspective evidenced by the Altmetric agency indicator referring to aggregations made by the personal bibliographic manager Mendeley, gives us a total of: 10.
  • The use of this contribution in bookmarks, code forks, additions to favorite lists for recurrent reading, as well as general views, indicates that someone is using the publication as a basis for their current work. This may be a notable indicator of future more formal and academic citations. This claim is supported by the result of the "Capture" indicator, which yields a total of: 10 (PlumX).

With a more dissemination-oriented intent and targeting more general audiences, we can observe other more global scores such as:

  • The Total Score from Altmetric: 3.
  • The number of mentions on Wikipedia: 1 (Altmetric).

It is essential to present evidence supporting full alignment with institutional principles and guidelines on Open Science and the Conservation and Dissemination of Intellectual Heritage. A clear example of this is:

  • Assignment of a Handle/URN as an identifier within the deposit in the Institutional Repository: https://oa.upm.es/90478/

As a result of the publication of the work in the institutional repository, statistical usage data has been obtained that reflects its impact. In terms of dissemination, we can state that, as of

  • Views: 97
  • Downloads: 63
Continuing with the social impact of the work, it is important to emphasize that, due to its content, it can be assigned to the area of interest of ODS 8 - Promote sustained, inclusive and sustainable economic growth, full and productive employment and decent work for all, with a probability of 73% according to the mBERT algorithm developed by Aurora University.
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Leadership analysis of institutional authors

There is a significant leadership presence as some of the institution’s authors appear as the first or last signer, detailed as follows: First Author (RODRIGUEZ LIBOREIRO, PABLO) and Last Author (RODRIGUEZ LIBOREIRO, PABLO).

the author responsible for correspondence tasks has been RODRIGUEZ LIBOREIRO, PABLO.

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Project objectives

La aportación persigue los siguientes objetivos principales: analizar las diferencias salariales significativas entre sectores en países de ingresos medios desde la perspectiva de la hipótesis del desempleo encubierto; evaluar la segmentación de los mercados laborales y el hacinamiento en el segmento flexible; determinar la cantidad de mano de obra que debe retirarse para modificar los salarios relativos mediante un modelo no lineal input-output; caracterizar el empleo real frente al empleo simulado "no dualista" utilizando la estructura salarial de Estados Unidos como referencia; aplicar este análisis a siete países de ingresos medios (Brasil, China, Indonesia, India, Rusia, México y Turquía) con datos del World Input-Output Database 2016; y validar la hipótesis del desempleo encubierto conforme a los resultados obtenidos.
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Most relevant results

El estudio aborda la estimación del desempleo encubierto en siete países de ingresos medios mediante un análisis no lineal input-output. Los resultados más relevantes son: (1) se confirma que las diferencias salariales significativas entre sectores reflejan mercados laborales segmentados y saturación en el segmento flexible; (2) se cuantifica el desempleo no abierto como la cantidad de mano de obra que debería retirarse para modificar los salarios relativos; (3) la simulación comparativa con una estructura salarial tipo estadounidense revela discrepancias importantes en el empleo real versus el simulado no dualista; (4) los datos utilizados corresponden a la base World Input-Output Database 2016; (5) los hallazgos respaldan la hipótesis de desempleo encubierto y coinciden con la literatura especializada.
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