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Martínez Garcia CAuthor

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HACEKinfective endocarditis: epidemiology, clinical features outcome: A case-control study.

Publicated to:International Journal Of Infectious Diseases. 76 120-125 - 2018-01-01 76(), DOI: 10.1016/j.ijid.2018.08.013

Authors: Ambrosioni J, Martinez-Garcia C, Llopis J, Garcia-de-la-Maria C, Hernández-Meneses M, Tellez A, Falces C, Almela M, Vidal B, Sandoval E, Fuster D, Quintana E, Tolosana JM, Marco F, Moreno A, Miró JM, Hospital Clinic Infective Endocarditis Investigators

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Abstract

The study aimed to describe the epidemiology, microbiological and clinical features of a population sample of 17 patients with HACEK-IE and to compare them with matched control patients with IE caused by Viridans group Streptococci (VGS-IE).Description of definite (14; 82.2%) and possible (3; 17.6%) HACEK-IE included in the "Infective Endocarditis Hospital Clínic of Barcelona" (IE-HCB) database between 1979 and 2016. Furthermore, a retrospective case-control analysis was performed, matching each case to three VGS-IE controls registered in the same database during the same period of time.Seventeen out of 1,209 IE cases (1.3%, 95%CI 0.69-1.91) were due to HACEK group. The most frequent isolated HACEK species were Aggregatibacter spp (11; 64.7%). Intracardiac vegetations were present in 70.6% of cases. Left heart failure (LHF) was present in 29.4% of cases. Ten patients (58.8%) required in-hospital surgery and none died during hospitalization. In the case-control analysis, there was a trend toward larger vegetations in the HACEK-IE group (median (IRQ) size=11.5 (10.0-20.0) mm vs 9.0 (7.0-13.0) mm; p=0.068). Clinical manifestations, echocardiographic findings, LHF rate, systemic emboli and other complications were all comparable (p >0.05). In-hospital surgery and mortality were similar for both groups. One-year mortality was lower for HACEK-IE (1/17 vs. to 6/48, p=0.006).HACEK-IE represented 1.3% of all IE cases. Clinical features and outcome were comparable with the VGS-IE control group. Despite the trend toward larger vegetation size, the embolic event rate was not higher and one-year mortality was significantly lower for HACEK-IE.Copyright © 2018. Published by Elsevier Ltd.

Keywords

case-controlclinical characteristicsendocarditisepidemiologyhacekviridans group streptococciCase-controlClinical characteristicsEndocarditisEpidemiologyHacekOutcomeViridans group streptococci

Quality index

Bibliometric impact. Analysis of the contribution and dissemination channel

The work has been published in the journal International Journal Of Infectious Diseases due to its progression and the good impact it has achieved in recent years, according to the agency Scopus (SJR), it has become a reference in its field. In the year of publication of the work, 2018, it was in position , thus managing to position itself as a Q1 (Primer Cuartil), in the category Medicine (Miscellaneous).

From a relative perspective, and based on the normalized impact indicator calculated from the Field Citation Ratio (FCR) of the Dimensions source, it yields a value of: 6.27, which indicates that, compared to works in the same discipline and in the same year of publication, it ranks as a work cited above average. (source consulted: Dimensions May 2025)

Specifically, and according to different indexing agencies, this work has accumulated citations as of 2025-05-31, the following number of citations:

  • WoS: 2
  • Scopus: 21
  • Europe PMC: 1
  • OpenCitations: 21

Impact and social visibility

From the perspective of influence or social adoption, and based on metrics associated with mentions and interactions provided by agencies specializing in calculating the so-called "Alternative or Social Metrics," we can highlight as of 2025-05-31:

  • The use, from an academic perspective evidenced by the Altmetric agency indicator referring to aggregations made by the personal bibliographic manager Mendeley, gives us a total of: 57.
  • The use of this contribution in bookmarks, code forks, additions to favorite lists for recurrent reading, as well as general views, indicates that someone is using the publication as a basis for their current work. This may be a notable indicator of future more formal and academic citations. This claim is supported by the result of the "Capture" indicator, which yields a total of: 57 (PlumX).

With a more dissemination-oriented intent and targeting more general audiences, we can observe other more global scores such as:

  • The Total Score from Altmetric: 1.5.
  • The number of mentions on the social network X (formerly Twitter): 3 (Altmetric).

It is essential to present evidence supporting full alignment with institutional principles and guidelines on Open Science and the Conservation and Dissemination of Intellectual Heritage. A clear example of this is:

  • The work has been submitted to a journal whose editorial policy allows open Open Access publication.